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541.
Rainer Brüggemann Andreas Kaune Joachim Klein Reinhard Zellner 《Environmental Sciences Europe》1996,8(2):89-96
Using four dynamic criteria, the following environmental changes were evaluated: Global warming; destruction, of the stratospheric ozone layer; eutrophication and acidification of aquatic ecosystems; photochemical smog; reduction of the available area of agricultural soils; loss of species diversity; consumption of resources; reduction of crop yield; forest decline; noise, and smell. These ecosystem changes, or negative effects, were characterized by four dynamic criteria: 1) Regional importance, 2) extent of alteration, 3) resilience and 4) irreversibility. A multi-criteria assessment, accounting simultaneously for all four criteria, requires a generalized concept of order. Here, the concept of partially ordered sets, visualized by Hasse diagrams, was used to derive a priority list of environmental changes. Highest priority was equally assigned to the loss of species diversity, the consumption of resources and the destruction of the ozone layer. However, these ecosystem changes are incomparable to each other concerning the four criteria used and thus require different management strategies. 相似文献
542.
Igor V. Bartish Wim A. Ozinga Mark I. Bartish G.W. Wieger Wamelink Stephan M. Hennekens Benjamin Yguel Andreas Prinzing 《Conservation biology》2020,34(6):1536-1548
Present biodiversity comprises the evolutionary heritage of Earth's epochs. Lineages from particular epochs are often found in particular habitats, but whether current habitat decline threatens the heritage from particular epochs is unknown. We hypothesized that within a given region, humans threaten specifically habitats that harbor lineages from a particular geological epoch. We expect so because humans threaten environments that dominated and lineages that diversified during these epochs. We devised a new approach to quantify, per habitat type, diversification of lineages from different epochs. For Netherlands, one of the floristically and ecologically best-studied regions, we quantified the decline of habitat types and species in the past century. We defined habitat types based on vegetation classification and used existing ranking of decline of vegetation classes and species. Currently, most declining habitat types and the group of red-listed species are characterized by increased diversification of lineages dating back to Paleogene, specifically to Paleocene-Eocene and Oligocene. Among vulnerable habitat types with large representation of lineages from these epochs were sublittoral and eulittoral zones of temperate seas and 2 types of nutrient-poor, open habitats. These losses of evolutionary heritage would go unnoticed with classical measures of evolutionary diversity. Loss of heritage from Paleocene-Eocene became unrelated to decline once low competition, shade tolerance, and low proportion of non-Apiaceae were accounted for, suggesting that these variables explain the loss of heritage from Paleocene-Eocene. Losses of heritage from Oligocene were partly explained by decline of habitat types occupied by weak competitors and shade-tolerant species. Our results suggest a so-far unappreciated human threat to evolutionary heritage: habitat decline threatens descendants from particular epochs. If the trends persist into the future uncontrolled, there may be no habitats within the region for many descendants of evolutionary ancient epochs, such as Paleogene. 相似文献
543.
A temnospondyl ilium from the uppermost Toutunhe Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian) of the southern Junggar Basin is described. Among the known temnospondyls it is very unusual in morphology because of its very long and slender shaft. It compares closely only to the ilium of one of the latest known trematosaurids from the Ladinian of southern Germany. The Toutunhe Formation has also yielded vertebrae and skull fragments of temnospondyls which belong to the brachyopid Gobiops from the Upper Jurassic of Mongolia. Brachyopoid ilia do not, however, display a morphology similar to that of the new specimen. It is therefore concluded that this specimen represents a second taxon of temnospondyl from the Toutunhe Formation, which probably represents the latest surviving trematosauroid. The Trematosauroidea, which was hitherto exclusively known from the Lower to early Upper Triassic, therefore joins the Brachyopoidea – and possibly the Capitosauroidea – as another group of temnospondyls which survived the end-Triassic mass extinction. 相似文献
544.
Andreas Faludi 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》1989,32(1):55-65
This paper is based on one given by Professor Faludi at the Conference on Planning Theory at Torino, Italy in 1986. It answers criticisms of his procedural planning theory voiced by various theorists and enjoined by the authors of the call for papers for the conference. The paper argues that the misgivings voiced by critics have their parallel in ethical theory and develops the view that procedural rationality and utilitarianism share an ethical principle. The paper concludes with a call for an end to sterile debate and an acceptance of different modes of argument. 相似文献
545.
546.
Anja Soboll Michael Elbers Roland Barthel Juergen Schmude Andreas Ernst Ralf Ziller 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2011,16(4):477-498
Within climate change impact research, the consideration of socioeconomic processes remains a challenge. Socioeconomic systems
must be equipped to react and adapt to global change. However, any reasonable development or assessment of sustainable adaptation
strategies requires a comprehensive consideration of human-environment interactions. This requirement can be met through multi-agent
simulation, as demonstrated in the interdisciplinary project GLOWA-Danube (GLObal change of the WAter Cycle; ). GLOWA-Danube has developed an integrated decision support tool for water and land use management in the Upper Danube catchment
(parts of Germany and Austria, 77,000 km2). The scientific disciplines invoked in the project have implemented sixteen natural and social science models, which are
embedded in the simulation framework DANUBIA. Within DANUBIA, a multi-agent simulation approach is used to represent relevant
socioeconomic processes. The structure and results of three of these multi-agent models, WaterSupply, Household and Tourism,
are presented in this paper. A main focus of the paper is on the development of global change scenarios (climate and society)
and their application to the presented models. The results of different simulation runs demonstrate the potential of multi-agent
models to represent feedbacks between different water users and the environment. Moreover, the interactive usage of the framework
allows to define and vary scenario assumptions so as to assess the impact of potential interventions. It is shown that integrated
modelling and scenario design not only provide valuable information, but also offer a platform for discussing complex human-environment-interactions
with stakeholders. 相似文献
547.
548.
549.
Kathrin B. Labrosse Johanna Buechel Huelya Guelmez Annkathrin Butenschoen Heidrun Schoenberger Eva Visca Andreas Schoetzau Gwendolin Manegold-Brauer 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(7):910-918
Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine the value of the sonographic measurements of the choroid plexus and the lateral ventricles at 11–14 gestational weeks in fetuses that had the diagnosis of second-trimester ventriculomegaly (VM) as a clinical reference.Methods
The standard axial plane used for biparietal diameter measurement from 2D stored images in the first trimester was used to calculate the ratio between the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle diameter (PDVDR), the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle length (PLVLR) and the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle area (PAVAR) in 100 normal and 15 fetuses diagnosed with second-trimester VM.Results
In fetuses with VM, the measurements of PDVDR, PLVLR and PAVAR were all significantly smaller compared to normal fetuses (p = < 0.001, <0.001, <0.01). Four out of seven cases with mild VM had measurements below the 5th percentile (57%). 75% of cases with moderate or severe VM had at least one measurement below the 5th percentile.Conclusions
Since the axial plane of the fetal head is obtained in all first-trimester routine screenings, the measurements of PDVDR, PLVLR and PAVAR could easily be integrated into routine examinations for an early detection of VM. 相似文献550.
Christian Sens Petra Scheidemann Andreas Klunk Dietrich Werner 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1998,5(4):202-208
14C-TNT was used to quantify the uptake rate and metabolic turnover of TNT inPhaseolus vulgaris. Seventeen plants were analysed by a special cell fractionation method with polar and nonpolar solvents and enzymes. We obtained
three cytoplasmic fractions and five cell wall derived fractions. The recovery rate was 72% as measured by liquid scintillation
counting.14C partitioned almost in equal amounts with approximately 50% in the cytoplasm and in the cell wall. The majority of the TNT-metabolites
are present in the cytoplasm as was shown by GC/ ECD and thin layer chromatography. The14C in the cell wall is bound probably resulting in long-term immobilisation of these metabolites. We conclude that plants may
also be a model for nitroaromatic turnover and immobilisation in soil components. 相似文献