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81.
R.K. Gangopadhyay S.K. Das M. Mukherjee 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2005,18(4-6):526-530
This paper deals with the accidental release of chlorine from bonnet of a valve in a bullet installed in a chloro-alkali industry, and the probable causes of the accident and the ensuing sequence of events. Emergency procedures are also discussed. Finally, in the conclusions reached at some useful recommendations, which has been drawn for industrial facilities handling chlorine. 相似文献
82.
M. Chattopadhyay D. Mukherjee S. K. Bhattacharya S. C. Lahiri 《The Environmentalist》1995,15(3):211-219
Large quantities of sediment are transported by the River Ganga (The Ganges) particularly In its deltaic region. Attempts have been made to study the physicochemical parameters of the bottom sediments of the River Ganga at various depths at Kamarhati and along the banks of the River Ganga in the lower deltaic region. The results give vital information regarding the pollution load carried by the river and the enrichment of its sediments with nutrients such as P, N and other substances such as C and S (as sulphates). The mobilization of the P, N, C and S (as sulphates) in the sediments is compared with their natural abundance. The enrichment of the river beds with P, the interaction of the sediment and the characteristics of the sediments are ascertained. Some aspects of the phosphorus cycle and its importance are also discussed. The recycling and reuse of sediments for agricultural purposes have been proposed in order to restore ecological imbalances due to nutrient loss.Mrs M. Chattopadhyay (née Ray) and D. Mukherjee are both post-doctorate ex-senior research scholars within the Department of Chemistry, Kalyani University, where Professor S.C. Lahiri was until recently head of department. Mr S.K. Bhattacharya is director of the Ganga Action Plan Sector, Calcutta Metropolitan Development Authority, Unnayan Bhavan (1st floor), Salt Lake, Calcutta 700 091, India. The information given in this paper is supplementary to that provided by certain of the same authors inThe Environmentalist
13(3), 199–210. 相似文献
83.
Manasi Mukherjee Vettath Raghavan Suresh Ranjan Kumar Manna 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(11):689
Microplankton population of Asia’s largest coastal lagoon Chilika was studied for five major groups, bacillariophyceae, cyanophyceae, chlorophyceae, dinophyceae, rotifera, and tintinninae. The study reported presence of 233 species of microplankton whose average annual abundance was 1631 cells/l. The physicochemical parameters contributing to the spatio-temporal fluctuations in microplankton diversity, abundance, and community structure were identified as salinity, pH, DO, nitrate, and silicate. Salinity, transparency, depth, and silicate most explained the abundance of bacillariophyceae; nitrate, pH, and DO influenced cyanophyceae; salinity, transparency, and chlorophyll concentration influenced chlorophyceae; salinity, depth, and water temperature influenced dinophyceae; salinity, free CO2, and nitrate-influenced rotifers, whereas salinity, pH, DO, and depth influenced tintinnids. Biotic-abiotic relationships revealed particular preference of environmental conditions at species level in groups like bacillariophyceae, cyanophyceae, and dinophyceae. Although the lagoon is shallow, bacillariophyceae-environment interaction showed depth can be a critical factor for species like Aulocoseira sp., Amphipleura sp., and Rhophalodia sp. Species of dinoflagellates like Dinophysis caudata, Noctiluca scintillans, and Protoperidinium proliferated in lower level of silicate. Unlike other cyanophyceae species Streptococcus sp., Chroococcus sp., Diplococcus sp., Aphanocapsa sp., and Gloeocapsa sp. were negatively influenced by nitrate concentration. The study provides better scope for ecological management of the lagoon with respect to conserving biodiversity and hydrological quality of the ecosystem. 相似文献
84.
Roy Barsha Chandrasekaran Hemamalini Palamadai Krishnan Suresh Chandrasekaran Natarajan Mukherjee Amitava 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2018,25(17):16729-16742
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There has recently been an increase in the usage of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). P25 TiO2 NPs, a mixture of anatase and rutile phase in 3:1 ratio, are... 相似文献
85.
K. K. Sharma Irani Mukherjee Balwinder Singh Kousik Mandal Sanjay K. Sahoo Hemanta Banerjee Tirthankar Banerjee Sankhajit Roy Paresh G. Shah Hemlatta K. Patel Anil R. Patel S. Naseema Beevi Thomas George Thomas B. Mathew Geeta Singh Rajbir Noniwal Sunita Devi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(12):8453-8461
Supervised field trials were conducted at four different agro-climatic locations of India to evaluate the dissipation pattern and risk assessment of spiromesifen on tomato. Spiromesifen 240 SC was sprayed on tomato at 150 and 300 g a.i.?ha?1. Samples of tomato fruits were drawn at 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after treatment and soil at 15 days after treatment. Quantification of residues was done on gas chromatograph–mass spectrophotometer in selective ion monitoring mode in the mass range of 271–274 (m/z). The limit of quantification of the method was found to be 0.05 mg kg?1, while the limit of determination was 0.015 mg kg?1. Residues were found below the LOQ of 0.05 mg kg?1 in 10 days at both the doses of application at all the locations. Spiromesifen dissipated with a half-life of 0.93–1.38 days at the recommended rate of application and 1.04–1.34 days at the double the rate of application. Residues of spiromesifen in soil were detectable level (<0.05 mg kg?1) after 15 days of treatment. A preharvest interval (PHI) of 1 day has been recommended on tomato on the basis of data generated under All India Network Project on Pesticide Residues. Spiromesifen 240 SC has been registered for its use on tomato by Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India. The maximum residue limit (MRL) of spiromesifen on tomato has been fixed by Food Safety Standard Authority of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India as 0.3 μg/g after its risk assessment. 相似文献
86.
Ch. Jamkhokai Mate Irani Mukherjee Shaon Kumar Das 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7195-7202
On percolating water equivalent to 1,156 mm of rainfall, spiromesifen formulation did not leach out of 25-cm long columns, and 62.7 % of this was recovered in 5–10-cm soil depth. In columns treated with the analytical grade, 52.40 % of the recovered spiromesifen was confined to 0–5-cm soil depth, with 0.04 % in leachate fraction, suggesting high adsorption in soil. Results revealed that percolating 400 mL of water, residues of enol metabolite of spiromesifen was detected up to 20–25-cm soil layer, with 23.50 % residues of spiromesifen in this layer and 1.73 % in the leachate fraction indicating that metabolite is more mobile as compared to the parent compound. Results suggested a significant reduction in leaching losses of enol metabolite in amended soil columns with 5 % nano clay, farmyard manure (FYM), and vermicompost. No enol spiromesifen was recovered in the leachate in columns amended with nano clay, vermicompost, and FYM; however, 85.30, 70.5, and 65.40 %, respectively, was recovered from 0–5 cm-soil depth of column after percolating water equivalent to 1,156 mm of rainfall. Spiromesifen formulation is less mobile in sandy loam soil than analytical grade spiromesifen. The metabolite, enol spiromesifen, is relatively more mobile than the parent compound and may leach into groundwater. The study suggested that amendments were very effective in reducing the downward mobility of enol metabolite in soil column. Further, it resulted in greater retention of enol metabolite in the amendment application zone. 相似文献
87.
Oded Berger-Tal Shomen Mukherjee Burt P. Kotler Joel S. Brown 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(12):1821-1827
Theory states that an optimal forager should exploit a patch so long as its harvest rate of resources from the patch exceeds
its energetic, predation, and missed opportunity costs for foraging. However, for many foragers, predation is not the only
source of danger they face while foraging. Foragers also face the risk of injuring themselves. To test whether risk of injury
gives rise to a foraging cost, we offered red foxes pairs of depletable resource patches in which they experienced diminishing
returns. The resource patches were identical in all respects, save for the risk of injury. In response, the foxes exploited
the safe patches more intensively. They foraged for a longer time and also removed more food (i.e., had lower giving up densities)
in the safe patches compared to the risky patches. Although they never sustained injury, video footage revealed that the foxes
used greater care while foraging from the risky patches and removed food at a slower rate. Furthermore, an increase in their
hunger state led foxes to allocate more time to foraging from the risky patches, thereby exposing themselves to higher risks.
Our results suggest that foxes treat risk of injury as a foraging cost and use time allocation and daring—the willingness
to risk injury—as tools for managing their risk of injury while foraging. This is the first study, to our knowledge, which
explicitly tests and shows that risk of injury is indeed a foraging cost. While nearly all foragers may face an injury cost
of foraging, we suggest that this cost will be largest and most important for predators. 相似文献
88.
Mukherjee A von Brömssen M Scanlon BR Bhattacharya P Fryar AE Hasan MA Ahmed KM Chatterjee D Jacks G Sracek O 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2008,99(1-4):31-48
Although arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater in the Bengal Basin has received wide attention over the past decade, comparative studies of hydrogeochemistry in geologically different sub-basins within the basin have been lacking. Groundwater samples were collected from sub-basins in the western margin (River Bhagirathi sub-basin, Nadia, India; 90 samples) and eastern margin (River Meghna sub-basin; Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh; 35 samples) of the Bengal Basin. Groundwater in the western site (Nadia) has mostly Ca-HCO(3) water while that in the eastern site (Brahmanbaria) is much more variable consisting of at least six different facies. The two sites show differences in major and minor solute trends indicating varying pathways of hydrogeochemical evolution However, both sites have similar reducing, postoxic environments (p(e): +5 to -2) with high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, indicating dominantly metal-reducing processes and similarity in As mobilization mechanism. The trends of various redox-sensitive solutes (e.g. As, CH(4), Fe, Mn, NO(3)(-), NH(4)(+), SO(4)(2-)) indicate overlapping redox zones, leading to partial redox equilibrium conditions where As, once liberated from source minerals, would tend to remain in solution because of the complex interplay among the electron acceptors. 相似文献
89.
Sanchita Bandyopadhyay-Ghosh Robert Jeng Joydeep Mukherjee Mohini Sain 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(3):231-234
Amylose containing polysaccharides are one of the most abundant and inexpensive naturally occurring biopolymers. Therefore,
they are one of the most promising candidates to produce substitute plastics, especially in packaging applications. To determine
the suitability for packaging applications, cytotoxicity of a modified amylose based bioplastic was investigated using NIH
3T3 Fibroblast cells from observation of cell morphology and MTS assay. Chemical durability of the amylose based bioplastic
film was also studied by ion release and pH measurement after immersing the film into water. In vitro cytotoxicity (Cell morphology
study and MTS assay) showed that the amylose based bioplastic film has in vitro biocompatibility and can be used for packaging
applications. The ion release and pH measurement also supported the results. 相似文献
90.
The presence of engineered nanoparticles is continuously increasing in our environment and causing potential risks to the ecosystem. Researchers from various fields report many articles on the effects of different nanoparticles on plants, animals and microorganisms. Here we have studied for the first time the effect of nano mullite (NMu) and their metal- amended derivatives on the growth of mung bean plants. Results shows that the metal- amended NMu exerts adverse effects on the growth and biomass production of plants compared to NMu. For toxicity studies, we measured the germination index and relative root elongation, while leakage of electrolytes and root oxidizability were measured to study the effect of NMu on mung bean seeds and seedling tissues. Translocation and accumulation of NMu within different parts of the plant body were proved by elemental analysis of dried plant samples. 相似文献