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Marta Ricart Dami Barcel Anita Geiszinger Helena Guasch Miren Lpez de Alda Anna M. Romaní Gemma Vidal Marta Villagrasa Sergi Sabater 《Chemosphere》2009,76(10):1392-1401
A system of recirculating channels was used in this study to examine the long-term effects (29 d) of environmentally realistic concentrations of the herbicide diuron (from 0.07 to 7 μg L−1) on biofilm communities. The autotrophic activity of biofilms was affected by this herbicide, as reflected by a marked decrease in the photosynthetic efficiency. Diuron exposure also increased chlorophyll-a content and reduced the biovolume of diatom taxa at low concentrations. The effects on bacteria were also remarkable. Bacterial abundance was reduced after a week of exposure to the herbicide at a range of concentrations. Effects were on the number of live bacteria and on the increase in the leucine-aminopeptidase activity. It is suggested that inputs of herbicides to the river ecosystem at low concentrations may cause a chain of effects in the biofilm, which include inhibitory effects on algae but also indirect effects on the relationships between biofilm components. 相似文献
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Anita Broughton Andrea Sepulveda Keith Foster Taras Kruk Michael G. Nickelsen Maleya Gillan Thomas K.G. Mohr 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2019,29(4):49-63
The synthetic chemical, 1,4‐dioxane, is classified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a probable human carcinogen. Between 2013 and 2015, the EPA detected 1,4‐dioxane in public drinking water supplies in 45 states at concentrations up to 33 µg/L and in groundwater from releases at hazardous waste sites across the United States. Although a Federal maximum contaminant level drinking water standard has not yet been proposed, state‐specific standards and criteria are as low as 0.3 µg/L. 1,4‐Dioxane is a recalcitrant chemical in that applications of conventional treatment technologies have had limited success in reducing concentrations in water to meet current and proposed health‐protective levels. Although mainly used as a stabilizer for the solvent 1,1,1‐trichloroethane, it has been used in other industrial processes and has been detected in a variety of consumer products, such as foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and detergents. The high aqueous solubility of 1,4‐dioxane coupled with limited solubility of chlorinated solvents typically found in conjunction with 1,4‐dioxane contamination is the primary reason for its treatment challenges. In the last several years, an alternative, cost‐effective technology has been developed that has demonstrated treatment to levels significantly lower than the Federal and state‐specific goals. This article provides a Federal and state‐by‐state summary of 1,4‐dioxane‐specific drinking water and groundwater concentration criteria and qualitative comparison of the effectiveness of conventional treatment technologies compared to the effectiveness of an alternative treatment technology. A case study is also provided to present details regarding the application of an alternative treatment technology at an active groundwater remediation site in California. 相似文献
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Michał Jakiel Anita Bernatek-Jakiel Agnieszka Gajda Maciej Filiks Marta Pufelska 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2019,62(2):286-305
The existence of illegal dumping continues to be a worldwide problem, even in nature protected areas, and its distribution is not random. An understanding of the distribution of illegal dumping sites is crucial for the enhancement of effective waste management systems. Therefore, this study aims at a better understanding of spatial and temporal changes to illegal dumping sites in a nature protected area (the Ojców National Park) from 1994 to 2016. The most important spatial factors that control the distribution of illegal dumping sites were the distance from roads and from the field-forest edge. In the last two decades, the number of small dumping sites has increased, whereas the number of large illegal dumping sites has decreased. Moreover, this study presents a model of the potential occurrence of illegal dumping sites, which indicates places that should be under the control of the national park and of local authorities. 相似文献
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Deepak Kumar A. Rajeshwari Pradeep Singh Jadon Gouri Chaudhuri Anita Mukherjee Natarajan Chandrasekaran Amitava Mukherjee 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,38(12):150-157
The current study evaluates the cytogenetic effects of chromium (III) oxide nanoparticles on the root cells of Allium cepa. The root tip cells of A. cepa were treated with the aqueous dispersions of Cr2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) at five different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) for 4 hr. The colloidal stability of the nanoparticle suspensions during the exposure period were ascertained by particle size analyses. After 4 hr exposure to Cr2O3 NPs, a significant decrease in mitotic index (MI) from 35.56% (Control) to 35.26% (0.01 μg/mL), 34.64% (0.1 μg/mL), 32.73% (1 μg/mL), 29.6% (10 μg/mL) and 20.92% (100 μg/mL) was noted. The optical, fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopic analyses demonstrated specific chromosomal aberrations such as—chromosome stickiness, chromosome breaks, laggard chromosome, clumped chromosome, multipolar phases, nuclear notch, and nuclear bud at different exposure concentrations. The concentration-dependent internalization/bio-uptake of Cr2O3 NPs may have contributed to the enhanced production of anti oxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase to counteract the oxidative stress, which in turn resulted in observed chromosomal aberrations and cytogenetic effects. These results suggest that A. cepa root tip assay can be successfully applied for evaluating environmental risk of Cr2O3 NPs over a wide range of concentrations. 相似文献
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Impact and adaptation opportunities for European agriculture in response to climatic change and variability 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Marco Moriondo Marco Bindi Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz M. Szwed A. Chorynski P. Matczak M. Radziejewski D. McEvoy Anita Wreford 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2010,15(7):657-679
Climate change, involving changes in mean climate and climatic variability, is expected to severely affect agriculture and
there is a need to assess its impact in order to define the appropriate adaptation strategies to cope with. In this paper,
we projected a scenario of European agriculture in a +2°C (above pre-industrial levels) world in order to assess the potential
effect of climatic change and variability and to test the effectiveness of different adaptation options. For this purpose,
the outputs of HadCM3 General Circulation Model (GCM) were empirically downscaled for current climate (1975–2005) and a future
period (2030–2060), to feed a process-based crop simulation model, in order to quantify the impact of a changing climate on
agriculture emphasising the impact due to changes in the frequency of extreme events (heat waves and drought). The same climatic
dataset was used to compare the effectiveness of different adaptations to a warmer climate strategies including advanced or
delayed sowing time, shorter or longer cycle cultivar and irrigation. The results indicated that both changes in mean climate
and climate variability affected crop growth resulting in different crop fitting capacity to cope with climate change. This
capacity mainly depended on the crop type and the geographical area across Europe. A +2°C scenario had a higher impact on
crops cultivated over the Mediterranean basin than on those cultivated in central and northern Europe as a consequence of
drier and hotter conditions. In contrast, crops cultivated in Northern Europe generally exhibited higher than current yields,
as a consequence of wetter conditions, and temperatures closer to the optimum growing conditions. Simple, no-cost adaptation
options such as advancement of sowing dates or the use of longer cycle varieties may be implemented to tackle the expected
yield loss in southern Europe as well as to exploit possible advantages in northern regions. 相似文献