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971.
Ganjegunte GK Vance GF Gregory RW Urynowicz MA Surdam RC 《Journal of environmental quality》2011,40(1):57-66
Management of saline-sodic water from the coalbed natural gas (CBNG) industry in the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming and Montana is a major environmental challenge. Clinoptilolie zeolites mined in Nevada, California, and New Mexico were evaluated for their potential to remove sodium (Na+) from CBNG waters. Based on the exchangeable cation composition, naturally occurring calcium (Ca2+)-rich zeolites from New Mexico were selected for further evaluation. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of the Ca(2+)-rich natural clinoptilolites to remove Na+ from saline-sodic CBNG waters. Batch adsorption experiments indicated that Na+ adsorption capacity ofclinoptilolite ranged from 4.3 (4 x 6 mesh) to 7.98 g kg(-1) (14 x 40 mesh). Among the different adsorption isotherms investigated, the Freundlich Model fitted the data best for smaller-sized (6 x 8, 6 x 14, and 14 x 40 mesh) zeolites. Passing the CBNG water through Ca(2+)-rich zeolite columns reduced the salt content (electrical conductivity [EC]) by 72% with a concurrent reduction in sodium adsorption 10 mmol 1/2 L(-1/2). Zeolite technology appears to be an effective water treatment alternative to industrial membrane treatment for removing Na+ from poor-quality CBNG waters. 相似文献
972.
In this study, a biosealant obtained from microbial carbonate precipitation (MCP) was evaluated as an alternative to an epoxy-coating system. A bacterium Sporosarcina pasteurii strain ATCC 11859, which metabolizes urea and precipitates calcite in a calcium-rich environment, was used in this study to generate the biosealant on a PCB-contaminated concrete surface. Concrete cylinders measuring 3 in (76.2 mm) by 6 in (152.4 mm) were made in accordance with ASTM C33 and C192 and used for this purpose. The PCB, urea, Ca(2+), and bacterial cell concentrations were set at 10 ppm, 666 mM, 250 mM, and about 2.1 × 10(8) cells mL(-1), respectively. The results indicate that the biosealed surfaces reduced water permeability by 1-5 orders of magnitude, and had a high resistance to carbonation. Since the MCP biosealant is thermally stable under temperatures of up to 840 °C, the high temperatures that normally exist in the surrounding equipment, which may contain PCB-based fluids, have no effect on the biosealed surfaces. Consequently, there is greater potential to obtain a stronger, coherent, and durable surface by MCP. No measurable amount of PCBs was detected in the permeating water, indicating that the leaching water, if any, will have a minimum impact on the surrounding environment. 相似文献
973.
George W. Uetz David L. Clark J. Andrew Roberts Meghan Rector 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):753-761
For visual signaling to be effective, animal signals must be detected and discriminated by receivers, often against complex
visual backgrounds with varying light levels. Accordingly, in many species, conspicuous visual displays and ornaments have
evolved as a means to enhance background contrast and thereby increase the detection and discrimination of male courtship
signals by females. Using video playbacks, we tested the hypothesis that visual courtship displays and leg decorations of
male Schizocosa ocreata wolf spiders are more conspicuous against complex leaf-litter backgrounds. Video exemplars of courting males with manipulated
leg tufts were superimposed on different backgrounds (complex leaf litter in sun or shade, featureless gray background) and
presented to female spiders. Females were more likely to orient to males presented against lighter backgrounds (litter in
sun, gray) than the darker ones (litter—shade). Males with larger tufts were also more likely to be detected, as latency to
orient was shortest for enlarged and longest for removed tufts. Latency of females to approach was shorter against lighter
backgrounds, and approach latency was longest for males without tufts. Female receptivity scores were significantly greater
for males against lighter backgrounds, and males with larger tufts had higher scores. These results suggest that both complexity
and light level of display backgrounds affect the detection of male visual courtship signals by females and that aspects of
the male phenotype may increase chances of detection (and receptivity) against visually complex backgrounds. 相似文献
974.
975.
Fontina Petrakopoulou Alicia Boyano Marlene Cabrera George Tsatsaronis 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2011,5(3):475-482
CO2 capture and storage from energy conversion systems is one option for reducing power plant CO2 emissions to the atmosphere and for limiting the impact of fossil-fuel use on climate change. Among existing technologies, chemical looping combustion (CLC), an oxy-fuel approach, appears to be one of the most promising techniques, providing straightforward CO2 capture with low energy requirements.This paper provides an evaluation of CLC technology from an economic and environmental perspective by comparing it with to a reference plant, a combined cycle power plant that includes no CO2 capture. Two exergy-based methods, the exergoeconomic and the exergoenvironmental analyses, are used to determine the economic and environmental impacts, respectively. The applied methods facilitate the iterative optimization of energy conversion systems and lead towards the improvement of the effectiveness of the overall plant while decreasing the cost and the environmental impact of the generated product. For the plant with CLC, a high increase in the cost of electricity is observed, while at the same time the environmental impact decreases. 相似文献
976.
Ako AA Shimada J Hosono T Ichiyanagi K Nkeng GE Fantong WY Eyong GE Roger NN 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2011,33(6):559-575
Groundwater quality of the Banana Plain (Mbanga, Njombe, Penja—Cameroon) was assessed for its suitability for drinking, domestic,
and agricultural uses. A total of 67 groundwater samples were collected from open wells, springs, and boreholes. Samples were
analyzed for physicochemical properties, major ions, and dissolved silica. In 95% of groundwater samples, calcium is the dominant
cation, while sodium dominates in 5% of the samples. Eighty percent of the samples have HCO3 as major anion, and in 20%, NO3 is the major anion. Main water types in the study area are CaHCO3, CaMgHCO3, CaNaHCO3, and CaNaNO3ClHCO3. CO2-driven weathering of silicate minerals followed by cation exchange seemingly controls largely the concentrations of major
ions in the groundwaters of this area. Nitrate, sulfate, and chloride concentrations strongly express the impact of anthropogenic
activities (agriculture and domestic activities) on groundwater quality. Sixty-four percent of the waters have nitrate concentrations
higher than the drinking water limit. Also limiting groundwater use for potable and domestic purposes are contents of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3
− and total hardness (TH) that exceed World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Irrigational suitability of groundwaters in
the study area was also evaluated, and results show that all the samples are fit for irrigation. Groundwater quality in the
Banana Plain is impeded by natural geology and anthropogenic activities, and proper groundwater management strategies are
necessary to protect sustainably this valuable resource. 相似文献
977.
Ighalo Joshua O. Ajala Oluwaseun Jacob Adeniyi Adewale George Babatunde Esther O. Ajala Mary A. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(3):2655-2668
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) is one of the most popular herbicides now used in agricultural practice. The aim of this paper was to discuss... 相似文献
978.
979.
The applicability of the Waste Management Hierarchy concept that appeared to be an essential element in current national environmental policies was investigated in the case of a region in Southern Europe. The waste generation profile that determines the appropriateness of different waste management options was created after a 1-year municipal waste sampling investigation conducted in the Municipality of Pilea in Northern Greece. The paper describes the results of (1) the sampling method, which was conducted four times during 1 year (once per season) in selected areas of the city, (2) the qualitative analysis of the collected samples and (3) the waste treatment, which consisted of drying, grinding, calorific value measurement, incineration and chemical analysis of the collected samples. Comparative analysis between the above mentioned data and on past data derived from investigations conducted in other Greek regions with similar characteristics to those of Pilea were used to identify and discuss future trends in the composition of generated waste over time. An analysis of the current waste management status in Greece as well as the feasibility of implementing a comprehensive management approach is assessed taking into account guidelines set worldwide to promote renewable energy sources use. It is concluded that recycling, perhaps the most positively received of all waste management practices, is going to be an essential part of contemporary waste management strategies, composting can play an important role, while incineration seems to be a conditionally feasible solution. 相似文献
980.
George Doubleday Antonia Sebastian Tatyana Luttenschlager Philip B. Bedient 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(6):1444-1455
Low Impact Development (LID) is alternative design approach to land development that conserves and utilizes natural resources to minimize the potential negative environmental impacts of development, such as flooding. The Woodlands near Houston, Texas is one of the premier master‐planned communities in the United States. Unlike in a typical urban development where riparian corridors are often replaced with concrete channels, pervious surfaces, vegetation, and natural drainage pathways were preserved as much as possible during development. In addition, a number of detention ponds were strategically located to manage runoff on site. This article uses a unique distributed hydrologic model, Vflo?, combined with historical (1974) and recent (2008 and 2009) rainfall events to evaluate the long‐term effectiveness of The Woodlands natural drainage design as a stormwater management technique. This study analyzed the influence of LID in The Woodlands by comparing the hydrologic response of the watershed under undeveloped, developed, and highly urbanized conditions. The results show that The Woodlands drainage design successfully reflects predeveloped hydrologic conditions and produces peak flows two to three times lower than highly urbanized development. Furthermore, results indicate that the LID practices employed in The Woodlands successfully attenuate the peak flow from a 100‐year design event, resulting in flows comparable to undeveloped hydrologic conditions. 相似文献