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591.
Ellen Sträter Anna Westbeld Otto Klemm 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1563-1573
Background
The Atacama Desert in Northern Chile is one of the most arid places on earth. However, fog occurs regularly at the coastal mountain range and can be collected at different sites in Chile to supply settlements at the coast with freshwater. This is also planned in the fog oasis Alto Patache (20°49′S, 70°09′W). For this pilot study, we collected fog water samples in July and August 2008 for chemical analysis to find indications for its suitability for domestic use. 相似文献592.
Juan Huang Yanli Feng Jiamo Fu Guoying Sheng 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(5):1129-1136
Background, aim, and scope
Carbonyl compounds have been paid more and more attention because some carbonyl species have been proven to be carcinogenic or a risk for human health. Plant leaves are both an important emission source and an important sink of carbonyl compounds. But the research on carbonyl compounds from plant leaves is very scarce. In order to make an approach to the emission mechanism of plant leaves, a new method was established to extract carbonyl compounds from fresh plant leaves. 相似文献593.
Hauke Reuter Ulrike Middelhoff Frieder Graef Richard Verhoeven Thomas Batz Martin Weis Gunther Schmidt Winfried Schröder Broder Breckling 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(8):1479-1490
Background, aim and scope
European legislation stipulates that genetically modified organisms (GMO) have to be monitored to identify potential adverse environmental effects. A wealth of different types of monitoring data from various sources including existing environmental monitoring programmes is expected to accumulate. This requires an information system to efficiently structure, process and evaluate the monitoring data. 相似文献594.
植物配置对表层流湿地净化效果的影响研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以郑州市贾鲁河河水为处理对象,研究了不同植物配置表层流湿地的水质净化效果及影响因素。研究表明,单纯挺水植物湿地对TN、TP、NH4+-N和COD的平均去除率分别为28%、58%、49%和26%;采用沉水植物+浮叶植物+挺水植物组合的湿地对TN、TP、NH4+-N和COD的平均去除率分别为37%、64%、63%和32%,在对NH4+-N和TN的处理效果上表现出明显的优势,DO含量变化是导致处理效果差异的主要原因。研究结果表明,在湿地植物配置上,可从氮循环的角度,通过合理搭配湿地植物,强化硝化反硝化作用,以提高对氮素的去除效果。 相似文献
595.
Anna Korre Zhenggang Nie Sevket Durucan 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(2):289-300
Due to its compatibility with the current energy infrastructures and the potential to reduce CO2 emissions significantly, CO2 capture and geological storage is recognised as one of the main options in the portfolio of greenhouse gas mitigation technologies being developed worldwide. The CO2 capture technologies offer a number of alternatives, which involve different energy consumption rates and subsequent environmental impacts. While the main objective of this technology is to minimise the atmospheric greenhouse gas emissions, it is also important to ensure that CO2 capture and storage does not aggravate other environmental concerns. This requires a holistic and system-wide environmental assessment rather than focusing on the greenhouse gases only. Life Cycle Assessment meets this criteria as it not only tracks energy and non-energy-related greenhouse gas releases but also tracks various other environmental releases, such as solid wastes, toxic substances and common air pollutants, as well as the consumption of other resources, such as water, minerals and land use. This paper presents the principles of the CO2 capture and storage LCA model developed at Imperial College and uses the pulverised coal post-combustion capture example to demonstrate the methodology in detail. At first, the LCA models developed for the coal combustion system and the chemical absorption CO2 capture system are presented together with examples of relevant model applications. Next, the two models are applied to a plant with post-combustion CO2 capture, in order to compare the life cycle environmental performance of systems with and without CO2 capture. The LCA results for the alternative post-combustion CO2 capture methods (including MEA, K+/PZ, and KS-1) have shown that, compared to plants without capture, the alternative CO2 capture methods can achieve approximately 80% reduction in global warming potential without a significant increase in other life cycle impact categories. The results have also shown that, of all the solvent options modelled, KS-1 performed the best in most impact categories. 相似文献
596.
597.
Ikechukwu D. Anyaogu Paul M. Ejikeme John A. Ibemesi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(2):104-115
Soybean oil (SBO) was dimerized and the crude dimer acid product reacted with 1,2-phenylene diamine at 210 ± 5 °C under inert
atmosphere to obtain fatty polyamide (FPA). The FPA was used to modify a commercial alkyd resin by reacting a mixture of the
alkyd resin with 5 wt% of FPA at 120 °C for 80 min under inert atmosphere. The FTIR spectrum of the FPA modified resin showed
evidence of higher degree of H-bonding than was found for the unmodified alkyd. White gloss coatings of 15, 20, 25, and 30%
solids were formulated from the modified and unmodified resins and examined for performance with respect to: leveling, sag
resistance, drying time, pigment settling, skinning tendency and film hardness. Results showed that the unmodified alkyd coatings
exhibited good leveling but poor sag resistance at all solid contents. In contrast, FPA modified alkyd coatings combined good
leveling with high sag resistance indicating their thixotropic nature. A strong tendency to pigment settling was observed
for unmodified alkyd coatings but was not observed in the FPA modified alkyd coatings. The modified alkyd coatings showed
skinning while the unmodified alkyd coatings did not skin. A 30% solids coating formulation of the FPA modified resin showed
shorter surface dry time but longer hard dry time than the unmodified alkyd resin coating. 相似文献
598.
Romeu Casarano Denise F. S. Petri Michael Jaffe Luiz H. Catalani 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(1):33-44
A new aliphatic block copolyester was synthesized in bulk from transesterification techniques between poly((R)-3-hydroxybutyrate)
(PHB) and poly(isosorbide succinate) (PIS). Additionally, other two block copolyesters were synthesized in bulk either from
transesterification reactions involving PHB and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) or from ring-opening copolymerization of l-lactide and hydroxyl-terminated PHB, as result of a previous transesterification reactions with isosorbide. Two-component
blends of PHB and PIS or PLLA were also prepared as comparative systems. SEC, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS), 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, WAXD, solubility tests, and TG thermal analysis were used for characterization. The block copolymer structures
of the products were evidenced by MALDI-TOFMS, 13C NMR, and WAXD data. The block copolymers and the corresponding binary blends presented different solubility properties,
as revealed by solubility tests. Although the incorporation of PIS sequences into PHB main backbone did not enhance the thermal
stability of the product, it reduced its crystallinity, which could be advantageous for faster biodegradation rate. These
products, composed of PHB and PIS or PLLA sequences, are an interesting alternative in biomedical applications. 相似文献
599.
Rachana Bhatt K. C. Patel Ujjval Trivedi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(2):141-147
An extracellular poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase produced by a thermotolerant fungal soil isolate, Aspergillus fumigatus 202, was purified and characterized. Maximum PHB depolymerase production was obtained at the end of 48 h with initial medium
pH 7.0 and 45 °C in Bushnell Haas Minerals medium containing PHB as sole source of carbon. The PHB depolymerase was purified
using size exclusion chromatography to a fold purification of 20.62 and 61.62% yield. SDS-PAGE and isoelectric focusing revealed
the molecular weight and pI of the purified enzyme as 63,744 Da and 4.2, respectively. N-terminal amino acid sequence of purified
enzyme was HAXDAYLVK. This non-glycosylated enzyme was most active at pH 9.0 and 45 °C. Purified enzyme was inactivated by
N-bromosuccinimide and dithiothreitol suggesting the involvement of tryptophan residues and disulfide bonds at its active
site. Nonionic detergents like Tween 20, Tween 80 and Triton X-100 inhibited the enzyme activity. Ions like Ca+2 and Mg+2 (5 mM) increased the enzyme activity 1.5 times. Fe+2 effectively inhibited the enzyme activity to 88% whereas Hg+2 completely inhibited the enzyme. 相似文献
600.
Bernadett Bartha Christian Huber Rudolf Harpaintner Peter Schröder 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1553-1562