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731.
Grzegórska Anna Czaplicka Natalia Antonkiewicz Jacek Rybarczyk Piotr Baran Agnieszka Dobrzyński Krzysztof Zabrocki Dawid Rogala Andrzej 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(9):22305-22318
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Phytoremediation, as a cost-effective, highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and green approach, gained attention to the removal of metals,... 相似文献
732.
Automobile emissions have created a major hydrocarbon pollution problem in the ambient air of Taiwan. The aim of this study was to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the ambient air of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The spatial distribution, temporal variation, and correlations of VOCs at three study sites, selected based on traffic densities and distances from a freeway, were discussed. Sixty-four hydrocarbons were identified in the ambient air. Among all of the VOC species, acetone, aromatic and aliphatic compounds constituted the major constituents. Higher concentrations of VOCs existed further away from major arteries as compared to those found near the freeway. Therefore, the distance from the freeway may not be a sufficient index for reflecting actual air quality in the study area. Weather conditions, wind speed and direction did not affect the distribution of VOC concentrations in the three study sites. Other factors, such as the height and density of buildings, traffic conditions or commercial activities, might affect the distribution of VOCs. 相似文献
733.
This paper systematically reviews the literature on how to reduce nutrient emissions to the Baltic Sea cost-effectively and considerations for allocating these costs fairly among countries. The literature shows conclusively that the reduction targets of the Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) could be achieved at considerably lower cost, if countries would cooperate to implement the least costly abatement plan. Focusing on phosphorus abatement could be prudent as the often recommended measures—wastewater treatment and wetlands—abate nitrogen too. An implication of our review is that the potential for restoring the Baltic Sea to good health is undermined by an abatement strategy that is more costly than necessary and likely to be perceived as unfair by several countries. Neither the BSAP nor the cost-effective solution meet the surveyed criteria for fairness, implying a need for side-payments.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01580-4. 相似文献
734.
Roberto Terzano Anna Santoro Bart Vekemans Koen Janssens Melissa A. Denecke Pacifico Ruggiero 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(8):2702-2709
Direct mercury (Hg) speciation was assessed for soil samples with a Hg concentration ranging from 7 up to 240 mg kg−1. Hg chemical forms were identified and quantified by sequential extractions and bulk- and micro-analytical techniques exploiting synchrotron generated X-rays. In particular, microspectroscopic techniques such as μ-XRF, μ-XRD and μ-XANES were necessary to solve bulk Hg speciation, in both soil fractions <2 mm and <2 μm. The main Hg-species found in the soil samples were metacinnabar (β-HgS), cinnabar (α-HgS), corderoite (Hg3S2Cl2), and an amorphous phase containing Hg bound to chlorine and sulfur. The amount of metacinnabar and amorphous phases increased in the fraction <2 μm. No interaction among Hg-species and soil components was observed. All the observed Hg-species originated from the slow weathering of an inert Hg-containing waste material (K106, U.S. EPA) dumped in the area several years ago, which is changing into a relatively more dangerous source of pollution. 相似文献
735.
Body burdens of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in childbearing-aged women at an intensive electronic-waste recycling site in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anna O. W. Leung Janet K. Y. Chan Guan Hua Xing Ying Xu Sheng Chun Wu Chris K. C. Wong Clement K. M. Leung Ming H. Wong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(7):1300-1313
Background, aim and scope
This study is the first to investigate PBDE body burden with regard to the concurrent analyses of multiple human matrices, namely milk, placenta, and hair, collected from a group of childbearing-aged women at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site to determine the partitioning of PBDEs in these different human matrices and the possible health risks imposed to infants at the e-waste recycling site. 相似文献736.
We studied geographical and temporal body size trends among 169 adult museum specimens of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) collected in Sweden between 1962 and 2008, whose sex, year of collection, and locality were known. Skull size and body mass
increased significantly in relation to the year of collection, and skull size (but not body mass) was significantly and negatively
related to latitude, contrasting Bergmann’s rule and the trend found for Norwegian otters. Latitudinal differences in body
size between the two countries may be due to differences in food availability. The temporal increase in body size among Swedish
otters resembled that observed for Norway otters, though Swedish otters are smaller with respect to their Norwegian counterparts.
Latitude and year represent a combination of environmental factors, including ambient temperature in the year of collection
as well as the number of days of ice coverage. We replaced the above factors with mean annual temperature or the number of
days of ice coverage, and found that each of these factors explains a similar proportion of the variation in body size as
did latitude and year. We hypothesize that this temporal increase in body size is related to a combination of factors, including
reduced energy expenditure resulting from increasing ambient temperature, and increased food availability from longer ice-free
periods. 相似文献
737.
Boreal forests in Sweden are exploited in a number of ways, including forestry and reindeer husbandry. In the winter, reindeer
feed mainly on lichens, and lichen-rich forests are a key resource in the herding system. Commercial forestry has mainly negative
effects on reindeer husbandry, and conflicts between these two industries have escalated over the last century. This article
reviews the effects of modern forest management practices on the winter resources available for reindeer husbandry. Forestry
affects reindeer husbandry at both the stand level and the landscape level and over various time scales. Clear-cutting, site
preparation, fertilization, short rotation times, and forest fragmentation have largely resulted in a reduced amount of ground
growing and arboreal lichens and restricted access to resource. This article also discusses alternative forestry practices
and approaches that could reduce the impacts of forestry on reindeer husbandry, both in the short and long term. 相似文献
738.
Perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate released from a waste water treatment plant in Bavaria, Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anna M. Becker Magdalena Suchan Silke Gerstmann Hartmut Frank 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1502-1507
Purpose
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and precursors and derivatives thereof have been employed as surfactants and anti-adhesives. PFOA and PFOS are environmentally persistent and the discharge of municipal waste waters is one of the principal routes of these compounds into the aquatic environment. In a previous study, the concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in grab samples collected from the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) of Bayreuth, a city of 72,000 inhabitants in Bavaria, Germany, during two periods showed considerable variability. For a better estimate of average mass flows, the surfactants were monitored (five samplings) from 16 March to 18 May 2007. In a second campaign, river water receiving the WWTP effluent was sampled twice a day for five consecutive days.Methods
Quantitative analysis was done by stable-isotope dilution, pre-cleaning, and pre-concentration by solid-phase extraction, and liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry.Results
The mass flows of PFOA and PFOS through the WWTP were determined. PFOA is fully discharged into the river, while about half of PFOS is retained in the sewage sludge. The average daily mass load of the river Roter Main by the WWTP of Bayreuth is about 1.2?±?0.5 g PFOA and 5?±?2 g PFOS, with variations of up to 140% within one day.Conclusion
Overall, the total annual release to the rivers of Germany may be in the range of several hundred kilograms of PFOA and several tons of PFOS. 相似文献739.
Pasi I. Jalava Raimo O. Salonen Kati Nuutinen Arto S. Pennanen Mikko S. Happo Jarkko Tissari Anna Frey Risto Hillamo Jorma Jokiniemi Maija-Riitta Hirvonen 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(13):1691-1698
Residential heating is an important local source of fine particles and may cause significant exposure and health effects in populations. We investigated the cytotoxic and inflammatory activity of particulate emissions from normal (NC) and smouldering (SC) combustion in one masonry heater. The PM1–0.2 and PM0.2 samples were collected from the dilution tunnel with a high-volume cascade impactor (HVCI). Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to the PM-samples for 24 h. Inflammatory mediators, (IL-6, TNFα and MIP-2), and cytotoxicity (MTT-test), were measured. Furthermore, apoptosis and cell cycle of macrophages were analyzed. The HVCI particulate samples were characterized for ions, elements and PAH compounds. Assays of elemental and organic carbon were conducted from parallel low volume samples. All the samples displayed mostly dose-dependent inflammatory and cytotoxic activity. SC samples were more potent than NC samples at inducing cytotoxicity and MIP-2 production, while the order of potency was reversed in TNFα production. SC-PM1–0.2 sample was a significantly more potent inducer of apoptosis than the respective NC sample. After adjustment for the relative toxicity with emission factor (mg MJ?1), the SC-PM emissions had clearly higher inflammatory and cytotoxic potential than the NC-PM emissions. Thus, operational practice in batch burning of wood and the resultant combustion condition clearly affect the toxic potential of particulate emissions. 相似文献
740.
Shar Samy Lynn R. Mazzoleni Subhashree Mishra Barbara Zielinska Anna G. Hallar 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(13):1663-1671
Water extracts of atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) collected at the Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) (3210 MSL, 40.45° N, 106.74° W) were analyzed for a wide variety of polar organic compounds. The unique geographical character of SPL allows for extended observations/sampling of the free tropospheric interface. Under variable meteorological conditions between January 9th and January14th 2007, the most abundant compounds were levoglucosan (9–72 ng m?3), palmitic acid (10–40 ng m?3) and succinic acid (18–27 ng m?3). Of 84 analytes included in the GC–MS method, over 50 individual water extractable polar organic compounds (POC) were present at concentrations greater than 0.1 ng m?3. During a snow event (Jan. 11th–13th), the concentrations of several presumed atmospheric transformation compounds (dicarboxylic acids) were reduced. Lower actinic flux, reduced transport distance, and ice crystal scavenging may explain this variability. Diurnal averages over the sampling period revealed a higher total concentration of water extractable POC at night, 211 ng m?3 (105–265 ng m?3), versus day, 160 ng m?3 (137–205 ng m?3), which suggests a more aged nighttime aerosol character. This may be due to the increased daytime convective mixing of local primary emissions from the Yampa Valley. XAD resin extracts revealed a gas-phase partitioning of several compounds, and analysis of cloud water collected at this site in 2002 revealed a similar compound abundance trend. Levoglucosan, a wood smoke tracer was generally found to be the most abundant compound in both aerosol and cloud water samples. Variations in meteorological parameters and local/regional transport analysis play an important interpretive role in understanding these results. 相似文献