全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1016篇 |
免费 | 11篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 43篇 |
废物处理 | 38篇 |
环保管理 | 122篇 |
综合类 | 190篇 |
基础理论 | 171篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 345篇 |
评价与监测 | 70篇 |
社会与环境 | 47篇 |
灾害及防治 | 15篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 17篇 |
2022年 | 22篇 |
2021年 | 34篇 |
2020年 | 27篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 48篇 |
2017年 | 48篇 |
2016年 | 57篇 |
2015年 | 37篇 |
2014年 | 60篇 |
2013年 | 73篇 |
2012年 | 61篇 |
2011年 | 81篇 |
2010年 | 52篇 |
2009年 | 42篇 |
2008年 | 63篇 |
2007年 | 58篇 |
2006年 | 63篇 |
2005年 | 44篇 |
2004年 | 34篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 18篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 2篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1966年 | 1篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 3篇 |
1951年 | 1篇 |
1936年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1042条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
741.
The views of experts and residents on social vulnerability to flash floods in an Alpine region of Italy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper reports on research work performed for Floodsite a European Community-funded project on the social aspects of vulnerability in the Adige/Sarca river basin of the Trentino-Alto Adige region, Italy. It identifies some limitations to the use of a fixed set of indicators, which fail to account for either local peculiarities or the intangible aspects that contribute to the shaping of social vulnerability. The authors employed a number of methods to investigate the opinions of professionals and residents on risk and safety, distinguishing between the individual and the institutional components of social vulnerability. Adopting a systemic perspective, they explored the interactions between these two elements, showing how they may give rise to unexpected phenomena. The 'safety paradox' and the 'efficiency paradox' are discussed, emerging when increased protection provided by structural devices and dedicated institutions translates into a lack of awareness and agency on the part of residents. 相似文献
742.
Skwarzec B Jahnz-Bielawska A Strumińska-Parulska DI 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(8):728-734
The aim of the work was to estimate plutonium inflow from the Vistula River’s catchments area to the Baltic Sea. There were differences in plutonium activities depending on season and sampling site. The highest activities of 238Pu and 239+240Pu were transported from the Vistula River watershed to the Baltic Sea in spring and the lowest in summer. Annually, the southern Baltic Sea is enriched via the Vistula River with 10.3 MBq of 238Pu and 89.0 MBq of 239+240Pu. The enhanced concentration of plutonium in water from the Vistula River is the result of its runoff from the Vistula drainage area, mostly from snowmelt, enhanced rainfalls and leached materials from river bed. 相似文献
743.
Peter B. Reich Hans F. Stroo Anna W. Schoettle Robert G. Amundson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):724-726
Abstract The digital opacity compliance system (DOCS) has been proposed as an alternative to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Reference Method 9 (Visual Determination of the Opacity of Emissions for Stationary Sources). The DOCS, which employs standard digital photography to estimate the opacity of visible emissions, was evaluated in a high mountain desert environment located in Weber County, UT. The DOCS recorded an average opacity deviation of 5.28% when applied to black smoke plumes having true opacities in the range of 0–100%, an error rate that was found to be significantly less than 7.5% (allowable error rate for attaining certification under Method 9). In contrast, results from estimating the opacity of white smoke plumes indicated that the accuracy of the DOCS was less than the Method 9 error rate only in the opacity range of 0–60%, over which the DOCS average opacity deviation was determined to be 6.7%. For the 0–40% opacity range, the DOCS recorded an average opacity deviation of 5.44% and 5.9% for black and white plumes, respectively. Results from the present study suggest that the DOCS has the potential to quantify visible opacity with an error rate that is significantly less than the Method 9 permissible error rate. Although encouraging, it is unclear to what extent the DOCS is affected by climatic conditions other than those encountered in a dry desert environment. Future studies should focus on evaluating the performance of the DOCS under variable weather conditions. 相似文献
744.
Forest Fragmentation and Landscape Transformation in a Reindeer Husbandry Area in Sweden 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Reindeer husbandry and forestry are two main land users in boreal forests in northern Sweden. Modern forestry has numerous
negative effects on the ground-growing and arboreal lichens that are crucial winter resources for reindeer husbandry. Using
digitized historical maps, we examined changes in the forest landscape structure during the past 100 years, and estimated
corresponding changes in suitability of forest landscape mosaics for the reindeer winter grazing. Cover of old coniferous
forests, a key habitat type of reindeer herding system, showed a strong decrease during the study period, whereas clear-cutting
and young forests increased rapidly in the latter half of the 20th century. The dominance of young forests and fragmentation
of old-growth forests (decreased patch sizes and increased isolation) reflect decreased amount of arboreal lichens as well
as a lowered ability of the landscape to sustain long-term persistence of lichens. The results further showed that variation
in ground lichen cover among sites was mainly related to soil moisture conditions, recent disturbances, such as soil scarification
and prescribed burning, and possibly also to forest history. In general, the results suggest that the composition and configuration
of the forest landscape mosaic has become less suitable for sustainable reindeer husbandry. 相似文献
745.
We studied geographical and temporal body size trends among 169 adult museum specimens of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) collected in Sweden between 1962 and 2008, whose sex, year of collection, and locality were known. Skull size and body mass
increased significantly in relation to the year of collection, and skull size (but not body mass) was significantly and negatively
related to latitude, contrasting Bergmann’s rule and the trend found for Norwegian otters. Latitudinal differences in body
size between the two countries may be due to differences in food availability. The temporal increase in body size among Swedish
otters resembled that observed for Norway otters, though Swedish otters are smaller with respect to their Norwegian counterparts.
Latitude and year represent a combination of environmental factors, including ambient temperature in the year of collection
as well as the number of days of ice coverage. We replaced the above factors with mean annual temperature or the number of
days of ice coverage, and found that each of these factors explains a similar proportion of the variation in body size as
did latitude and year. We hypothesize that this temporal increase in body size is related to a combination of factors, including
reduced energy expenditure resulting from increasing ambient temperature, and increased food availability from longer ice-free
periods. 相似文献
746.
Boreal forests in Sweden are exploited in a number of ways, including forestry and reindeer husbandry. In the winter, reindeer
feed mainly on lichens, and lichen-rich forests are a key resource in the herding system. Commercial forestry has mainly negative
effects on reindeer husbandry, and conflicts between these two industries have escalated over the last century. This article
reviews the effects of modern forest management practices on the winter resources available for reindeer husbandry. Forestry
affects reindeer husbandry at both the stand level and the landscape level and over various time scales. Clear-cutting, site
preparation, fertilization, short rotation times, and forest fragmentation have largely resulted in a reduced amount of ground
growing and arboreal lichens and restricted access to resource. This article also discusses alternative forestry practices
and approaches that could reduce the impacts of forestry on reindeer husbandry, both in the short and long term. 相似文献
747.
Roberto Terzano Anna Santoro Bart Vekemans Koen Janssens Melissa A. Denecke Pacifico Ruggiero 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(8):2702-2709
Direct mercury (Hg) speciation was assessed for soil samples with a Hg concentration ranging from 7 up to 240 mg kg−1. Hg chemical forms were identified and quantified by sequential extractions and bulk- and micro-analytical techniques exploiting synchrotron generated X-rays. In particular, microspectroscopic techniques such as μ-XRF, μ-XRD and μ-XANES were necessary to solve bulk Hg speciation, in both soil fractions <2 mm and <2 μm. The main Hg-species found in the soil samples were metacinnabar (β-HgS), cinnabar (α-HgS), corderoite (Hg3S2Cl2), and an amorphous phase containing Hg bound to chlorine and sulfur. The amount of metacinnabar and amorphous phases increased in the fraction <2 μm. No interaction among Hg-species and soil components was observed. All the observed Hg-species originated from the slow weathering of an inert Hg-containing waste material (K106, U.S. EPA) dumped in the area several years ago, which is changing into a relatively more dangerous source of pollution. 相似文献
748.
Body burdens of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in childbearing-aged women at an intensive electronic-waste recycling site in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anna O. W. Leung Janet K. Y. Chan Guan Hua Xing Ying Xu Sheng Chun Wu Chris K. C. Wong Clement K. M. Leung Ming H. Wong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(7):1300-1313
Background, aim and scope
This study is the first to investigate PBDE body burden with regard to the concurrent analyses of multiple human matrices, namely milk, placenta, and hair, collected from a group of childbearing-aged women at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site to determine the partitioning of PBDEs in these different human matrices and the possible health risks imposed to infants at the e-waste recycling site. 相似文献749.
Perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate released from a waste water treatment plant in Bavaria, Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anna M. Becker Magdalena Suchan Silke Gerstmann Hartmut Frank 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(9):1502-1507
Purpose
Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and precursors and derivatives thereof have been employed as surfactants and anti-adhesives. PFOA and PFOS are environmentally persistent and the discharge of municipal waste waters is one of the principal routes of these compounds into the aquatic environment. In a previous study, the concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in grab samples collected from the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) of Bayreuth, a city of 72,000 inhabitants in Bavaria, Germany, during two periods showed considerable variability. For a better estimate of average mass flows, the surfactants were monitored (five samplings) from 16 March to 18 May 2007. In a second campaign, river water receiving the WWTP effluent was sampled twice a day for five consecutive days.Methods
Quantitative analysis was done by stable-isotope dilution, pre-cleaning, and pre-concentration by solid-phase extraction, and liquid chromatography followed by electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry.Results
The mass flows of PFOA and PFOS through the WWTP were determined. PFOA is fully discharged into the river, while about half of PFOS is retained in the sewage sludge. The average daily mass load of the river Roter Main by the WWTP of Bayreuth is about 1.2?±?0.5 g PFOA and 5?±?2 g PFOS, with variations of up to 140% within one day.Conclusion
Overall, the total annual release to the rivers of Germany may be in the range of several hundred kilograms of PFOA and several tons of PFOS. 相似文献750.
Pasi I. Jalava Raimo O. Salonen Kati Nuutinen Arto S. Pennanen Mikko S. Happo Jarkko Tissari Anna Frey Risto Hillamo Jorma Jokiniemi Maija-Riitta Hirvonen 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(13):1691-1698
Residential heating is an important local source of fine particles and may cause significant exposure and health effects in populations. We investigated the cytotoxic and inflammatory activity of particulate emissions from normal (NC) and smouldering (SC) combustion in one masonry heater. The PM1–0.2 and PM0.2 samples were collected from the dilution tunnel with a high-volume cascade impactor (HVCI). Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to the PM-samples for 24 h. Inflammatory mediators, (IL-6, TNFα and MIP-2), and cytotoxicity (MTT-test), were measured. Furthermore, apoptosis and cell cycle of macrophages were analyzed. The HVCI particulate samples were characterized for ions, elements and PAH compounds. Assays of elemental and organic carbon were conducted from parallel low volume samples. All the samples displayed mostly dose-dependent inflammatory and cytotoxic activity. SC samples were more potent than NC samples at inducing cytotoxicity and MIP-2 production, while the order of potency was reversed in TNFα production. SC-PM1–0.2 sample was a significantly more potent inducer of apoptosis than the respective NC sample. After adjustment for the relative toxicity with emission factor (mg MJ?1), the SC-PM emissions had clearly higher inflammatory and cytotoxic potential than the NC-PM emissions. Thus, operational practice in batch burning of wood and the resultant combustion condition clearly affect the toxic potential of particulate emissions. 相似文献