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751.
Shar Samy Lynn R. Mazzoleni Subhashree Mishra Barbara Zielinska Anna G. Hallar 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(13):1663-1671
Water extracts of atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5) collected at the Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) (3210 MSL, 40.45° N, 106.74° W) were analyzed for a wide variety of polar organic compounds. The unique geographical character of SPL allows for extended observations/sampling of the free tropospheric interface. Under variable meteorological conditions between January 9th and January14th 2007, the most abundant compounds were levoglucosan (9–72 ng m?3), palmitic acid (10–40 ng m?3) and succinic acid (18–27 ng m?3). Of 84 analytes included in the GC–MS method, over 50 individual water extractable polar organic compounds (POC) were present at concentrations greater than 0.1 ng m?3. During a snow event (Jan. 11th–13th), the concentrations of several presumed atmospheric transformation compounds (dicarboxylic acids) were reduced. Lower actinic flux, reduced transport distance, and ice crystal scavenging may explain this variability. Diurnal averages over the sampling period revealed a higher total concentration of water extractable POC at night, 211 ng m?3 (105–265 ng m?3), versus day, 160 ng m?3 (137–205 ng m?3), which suggests a more aged nighttime aerosol character. This may be due to the increased daytime convective mixing of local primary emissions from the Yampa Valley. XAD resin extracts revealed a gas-phase partitioning of several compounds, and analysis of cloud water collected at this site in 2002 revealed a similar compound abundance trend. Levoglucosan, a wood smoke tracer was generally found to be the most abundant compound in both aerosol and cloud water samples. Variations in meteorological parameters and local/regional transport analysis play an important interpretive role in understanding these results. 相似文献
752.
753.
Adsorption of Remazol Red 198 onto magnetic N-lauryl chitosan particles: equilibrium, kinetics, reuse and factorial design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Debrassi A Baccarin T Demarchi CA Nedelko N Ślawska-Waniewska A Dłużewski P Bilska M Rodrigues CA 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1594-1604
Purpose
The discharge of colored effluents from industries is an important environmental issue and it is indispensable to remove the dyes before the water gets back to the rivers. The magnetic adsorbents present the advantage of being easily separated from the aqueous system after adsorption by positioning an external magnetic field.Methods
Magnetic N-lauryl chitosan (L-Cht/??-Fe2O3) particles were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Remazol Red 198 (RR198) was used as a reactive dye model for adsorption on L-Cht/??-Fe2O3. The adsorption isotherms were performed at 25°C, 35°C, 45°C, and 55°C and the process was optimized using a 23 factorial design (analyzed factors: pH, ionic strength, and temperature). The desorption and regeneration studies were performed in a three times cycle.Results
The characterization of the material indicated that the magnetic particles were introduced into the polymeric matrix. The pseudo-second order was the best model for explaining the kinetics and the Langmuir?CFreundlich was the best-fitted isotherm model. At room temperature, the maximum adsorption capacity was 267?mg?g?1. The material can be reused, but with a decrease in the amount of adsorbed dye.Conclusions
L-Cht/??-Fe2O3 is a promising material to remove RR198 and probably other similar reactive dyes from aqueous effluents. 相似文献754.
Gucia M Jarzyńska G Rafał E Roszak M Kojta AK Osiej I Falandysz J 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(2):416-431
Caps and stipes of 141 fruiting bodies of Parasol Mushroom (Macrolepiota procera) and surface layer of soils collected from 11 spatially distant and background (pristine) areas in Northern Poland were analyzed
for Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn by inductively coupled plasma optical
emission spectroscopy and cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy. In terms of bioconcentration and bioexclusion concept,
K, Ag, Cu, Rb, and P were highly bioconcentrated in caps, and their bioconcentration factor values varied for the 11 sites
between 120 and 500—67–420, 70–220, 10–170, and 45–100, respectively. Cd, Zn, Mg, and Na showed bioconcentration factors (BCFs)
between 3.3 and 36, 3.7–15, 0.92–6.3, and 1.4–44 while Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Sr were excluded (BCF < 1). The
Parasol Mushroom is a species harvested in the wild, and its caps are of unique taste and can contain a spectrum of essential
and hazardous mineral compounds accumulated at elevated concentrations, even if collected at the background (pristine) areas.
These elevated mineral concentrations of the caps are due to the efficient bioconcentration potential of the species (K, Ag,
Cu, Rb, P, Cd, Zn, Mg, and Na) and abundance in the soil substrates (Al, Ca, Fe, Mn). The estimated intake rates of Cd, Hg,
and Pb contained in Parasol Mushroom’s caps show a cause for concern associated with these metals resulting from the consumption
of between 300- and 500-g caps daily, on a frequent basis in the mushrooming season. 相似文献
755.
Drewnowska M Jarzyńska G Kojta AK Falandysz J 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2012,47(5):466-474
Total mercury content has been determined in fruiting bodies of European Blushers and topsoils collected from 11 sites across Poland in 2006-2008. Mercury analysis was carried out using a validated analytical method and cold-vapour atomic absorption (CV-AAS). The European Blusher effectively accumulated mercury in fruiting bodies. The mean values of total mercury in caps of European Blushers from background (uncontaminated) areas were from 0.22 to 1.0 (0.067-3.2) and in stipes from 0.16 to 0.65 (0.071-2.7) μg/g dry weight. In topsoil beneath to fruiting bodies, the median Hg concentration at 10 sites in Northern Poland varied between 0.030 and 0.072 (0.0096-0.19) μg/g dw, and in one site in Southern Poland was 0.20 (0.079-0.34) μg/g dw. Data on Hg in European Blushers from different countries were reviewed. The mean concentrations of total Hg in caps of European Blushers from two "pristine" sites in northern part of Poland were ~1.0 μg/g dw. A meal made with 300-500 g of fresh caps of European Blushers collected at such sites (assuming 90% water content in caps) can result in Hg intake of 0.0003-0.0005 mg Hg/kg bm (assuming a 60 kg bm), which is a dose equipotent to a new provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) value set for inorganic Hg. 相似文献
756.
Wimmerová S Lancz K Tihányi J Sovčíková E Kočan A Drobná B Palkovičová L Jurečková D Fabišiková A Conka K Trnovec T 《Chemosphere》2011,82(5):687-691
The aim was to determine half-life of six most abundant PCB congeners in the body of early adolescents. In 304 environmentally exposed children, PCB serum concentration was determined at the age of 8 and 12 years. Half-life was determined for each child assuming exponential decrease or for the whole cohort using multiple regression. Results obtained by both approaches were in agreement. PCB reuptakes corrupting half-life estimates for each child and each congener were evaluated. If one of the serum PCB concentration values fell below the level of detection (LOD) the pair was excluded and if PCB half-life value exceeded the arbitrary value of 30 years. The following median half-lives in years 4.46, 10.59, 9.7, 4.7, 9.1 and 9.8 were obtained for PCB congeners 118, 138+163, 153, 156+171, 170 and 180, respectively. The elimination half-life values were not systematically related to PCB serum concentration at any examination age. Between half-life values, percentage of children with significant reuptakes and PCB congener abundance in serum were found significant associations. 相似文献
757.
PCDD/F, PCB, PBDE, HBCD and chlorinated pesticides in a Swedish market basket from 2005--levels and dietary intake estimations 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Based on consumption data statistics, food items from four regions in Sweden were sampled in a so-called market basket study. Food items from five food groups, i.e. fish, meat, dairy products, eggs and fat/oils, were analyzed for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) followed by per capita intake calculations. The highest levels of PCDD/F, PCB, PBDE, HBCD and chlorinated pesticides were found in the fish/fish products. The estimated market basket per capita intake of PCDD/F and dl-PCB was 0.7 pg WHO-TEQ kg bw−1 d−1 (TEFs from 1998). The intake of ∑PCB was estimated to 4.9 ng kg bw−1 d−1 and fish was found to be the major contributor with 64%. The intake of ∑PBDE was found to be 0.7 ng kg bw−1 d−1. Fish (38%) and dairy products (31%) were the largest contributors to the total PBDE intake. The intake of HBCD was estimated to 0.14 ng kg bw−1 d−1. HBCD mainly came from fish (65%), but also dairy products (24%) and meat (10%) contributed. Also regarding the chlorinated pesticides, fish was found to be the major contributor, with 51% of the ∑DDT coming from fish. The intake of ∑DDT, ∑HCH and HCB was 4.0, 1.0 and 1.1 ng kg bw−1 d−1, respectively. Most of the ∑HCH and HCB originate from dairy products (43% and 55%, respectively). This study shows that the levels, and intake, of different POPs from food of animal origin in the market basket of 2005 seem to have decreased since the market basket study in 1999. 相似文献
758.
Polychlorinated biphenyls-containing electrical insulating oil contaminated soil treatment with calcium and magnesium peroxides 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Calcium and magnesium peroxides were applied for the treatment of soil contaminated by polychlorinated biphenyls-containing electrical insulating oil (Aroclor 1016). The removal of PCB-containing electrical insulating oil was achieved with the addition of either calcium peroxide or magnesium peroxide alone and dependent on dosages of the chemical. A 21-d treatment of 60% watered soil with the moderate addition (chemical/oil weight ratio of 0.005/1) of either calcium peroxide or magnesium peroxide resulted in nearly complete (96 ± 2%) oil removal, unsubstantial increase in soil pH and almost no changes in oxygen consumption and dehydrogenase activity, making it suitable for the soil decontamination. 相似文献
759.
The study was aimed to examine total concentrations and pools of Hg in surface layers of soils in the Karkonosze Mountains, dependent on soil properties and site locality. Soil samples were collected from a litter layer and the layers 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, at 68 sites belonging to the net of a monitoring system, in two separate areas, and in three altitudinal zones: below 900 m, 900-1100 m, and over 1100 m. Air-borne pollution was the major source of mercury in soils. Hg has accumulated mainly in the litter (where its concentrations were the highest), and in the layer 0-10 cm. Hg concentrations in all samples were in the range 0.04-0.97 mg kg−1, with mean values 0.38, 0.28, and 0.14 mg kg−1 for litter and the layers 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, respectively. The highest Hg concentrations in the litter layer were found in the intermediate altitudinal zone, whereas Hg concentrations in the layer 0-10 cm increased with increasing altitude. Soil quality standard for protected areas (0.50 mg kg−1) was exceeded in a few sites. The pools of Hg accumulated in soils were in the range: 0.8-84.8 mg m−2, with a mean value of 16.5 mg m−2, and they correlated strongly with the pools of stored organic matter. 相似文献
760.
The gas phase atmospheric degradation of diazinon has been investigated at the large outdoor European Photoreactor (EUPHORE) in Valencia, Spain. The rate constant for reaction of diazinon with OH radicals was measured using a conventional relative rate method with di-n-buthylether as reference compound being k = (3.5 ± 1.2) × 10−11 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 302 ± 10 K and atmospheric pressure. The available evidence indicates that tropospheric degradation of diazinon is mainly controlled by reaction with OH radicals, and that the tropospheric lifetime with respect to the OH reaction is estimated to be around 4 h whereas its lifetime with respect to the photolysis is higher than 1 d under our conditions. Significant aerosol formation was observed following the reaction of diazinon with OH radicals, and the main carbon-containing products detected in the particle phase were hydroxydiazinon, hydroxydiazoxon and 2-isopropyl-6-methyl-pyrimidinyl-4-ol. 相似文献