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排序方式: 共有102条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
41.
Antoine Tiya-Djowe Serge Nzali Estella T. Njoyim Samuel Laminsi Eric M. Gaigneaux 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(4):515-519
Various iron oxides are used for Fenton reactions to degrade organic pollutants. The degradation efficiency may be improved by transforming an iron oxide phase to another. Here, we report on the transformation of goethite into hematite by thermal treatment at 400 °C. The products were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and N2-physisorption. The catalytic activities were measured for orange II bleaching at initial concentration of 25 mg L?1, pH 3, catalyst concentration of 0.2 g L?1; 5 mM H2O2, 30 °C. Results show that the synthesized goethite was successfully transformed into hematite, and the specific surface area of the material increased from 134 to 163 m2 g?1. The bleaching efficiency of the orange II dye reached 100 % for the hematite product, versus 78 % for goethite. Therefore, a moderate thermal treatment of a plasma-synthesized goethite improves the catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants. 相似文献
42.
We report for the first time the use of beetroot fibers to eliminate heavy metals from polluted water. This biomass is used to remove lead, copper and zinc ions. The kinetics and beetroot fibers fixation capacities of lead, zinc and copper according to various physico‐chemical parameters such as pH, and the concentration of metal solutions were studied. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory column with fixed bed. For kinetic studies, samples of metal solutions were taken at regular intervals and measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. pH at 6.6 shows a maximum retention of the above cited metals by beetroot fibers (98%, 92%, 90% respectively). Quantity of cations retained by this biomass in simple and mixture solution is respectively estimated to be 23.6, 14.02 and 14.64 mg/g. Results indicate the usefulness of this biomass in the remediation of water contaminated by heavy metals by a rapid, practical and efficient method. 相似文献
43.
Antoine Carlier Bénédicte Ritt Clara F. Rodrigues Jozée Sarrazin Karine Olu Jacques Grall Jacques Clavier 《Marine Biology》2010,157(11):2545-2565
Cold seep communities in the Mediterranean Sea have only been discovered two decades ago, and their trophic ecology has been
the subject of very few studies. We investigated the benthic food web of two deep chemosynthesis-based ecosystems on the Napoli
and Amsterdam mud volcanoes (MVs) in the eastern Mediterranean Sea (~2,000 m depth). Seeping methane has been detected at
the surface of both MVs during pioneering cruises and has been hypothesised to be assimilated by benthic fauna as observed
in other oceans’ margins. Given the extreme oligotrophic character of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, we a priori expected
that chemosynthetic food sources, especially methane-derived carbon (MDC), played a major trophic role in these deep seep
communities relative to what has been observed in other seep systems worldwide. We aimed at unravelling the trophic relationships
on Napoli and Amsterdam MVs through the analysis of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur isotopes both in the dominant benthic invertebrates
including the small endofauna (300 μm < size < 1 cm) and in the sedimented organic matter. In particular, we assessed the
fraction of MDC in the tissue of several heterotrophic and symbiotic species. Low mean δ34S and δ13C values (0.4 ± 4.8‰ and −31.6 ± 5.7‰, respectively) obtained for mega- and macrofauna suggested that the investigated benthic
food webs are virtually exclusively fuelled by carbon of chemosynthetic origin. A few grazer invertebrates (δ34S up to 11‰) depart from this trend and could complement their diet with sedimented and decayed phytoplanktonic organic matter.
Faunal δ13C values indicated that the oxidation of sulphur is likely the predominant energetic pathway for biosynthesis on both MVs.
Nevertheless, mytilid bivalves and small capitellid, ampharetid and spionid polychaetes were 13C-depleted (δ13C < −37‰) in a way indicating they assimilated a significant portion of MDC. For these later heterotrophic species, MDC ranged
between 21 and 31% (lower estimates) and 97 and 100% (upper estimates). However, our results highlighted that the origin of
assimilated carbon may be complex for some symbiotic species. The vestimentiferan tubeworm Lamellibrachia sp., which exclusively depends on its sulphur-oxidising endosymbionts, showed a ~20‰ inter-individual δ13C variability on a very small spatial scale (<1 m) at the summit of Napoli MV. This mostly reflects the variable isotopic
composition of pore-water-dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and evidenced that tubeworms (and subsequently their endosymbionts)
uptake DIC derived from multiple methane oxidation processes in varying proportions. The lower and upper MDC estimates for
the vestimentum of Napoli’s individuals were 11–38 and 21–73%, respectively. Finally, data on trophic ecology of Napoli and
Amsterdam MVs clearly corroborate previous geophysical results evidencing the spatial heterogeneity of Mediterranean MV environmental
conditions. 相似文献
44.
45.
Sarah L. Close Franco Montalto Philip Orton Adrienne Antoine Danielle Peters Hunter Jones 《Local Environment》2017,22(4):508-522
In the wake of Hurricane Sandy and other recent extreme events, urban coastal communities in the northeast region of the United States are beginning or stepping up efforts to integrate climate adaptation and resilience into long-term coastal planning. Natural and nature-based shoreline strategies have emerged as essential components of coastal resilience and are frequently cited by practitioners, scientists, and the public for the wide range of ecosystem services they can provide. However, there is limited quantitative information associating particular urban shoreline design strategies with specific levels of ecosystem service provision, and research on this issue is not always aligned with decision context and decision-maker needs. Engagement between the research community, local government officials and sustainability practitioners, and the non-profit and private sectors can help bridge these gaps. A workshop to bring together these groups discussed research gaps and challenges in integrating ecosystem services into urban sustainability planning in the urban northeast corridor. Many themes surfaced repeatedly throughout workshop deliberations, including the challenges associated with ecosystem service valuation, the transferability of research and case studies within and outside the region, and the opportunity for urban coastal areas to be a focal point for education and outreach efforts related to ecosystem services. 相似文献
46.
Hydraulic characteristics of an anaerobic baffled reactor as onsite wastewater treatment system 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The feasibility of using anaerobic baffled reactor(ABR)as onsite wastewater treatment system was discussed.The ABR consisted of one sedimentation chamber and three up-flow chambers in series was experimented under different peak flow factors(PFF of 1 to 6),superficial gas velocities(between 0.6 and 3.1 cm/hr)and hydraulic retention times(HRT)(24,36 and 48 hr).Residence time distribution(RTD)analyses were carried out to investigate the hydraulic characteristics of the ABR.It was found that the PFF resulted in hydraulic dead space.The dead space did not exceed 13% at PFF of 1,2 and 4 while there was 2-fold increase(26%)at PFF of 6.Superficial gas velocities did not result in more(biological)dead space.The mixing pattern of ABR tended to be a completelymixed reactor when PFF increased.Superficial gas velocities did not affect mixing pattern.The effects of PFF on mixing pattern could be minimized by higher HRT(48 hr).The tank-in-series(TIS)model(N=4)was suitable to describe the hydraulic behaviour of the studied system.The HRT of 48 hr was able to maintain the mixing pattern under different flow patterns,introducing satisfactory hydraulic efficiency.Chemical oxygen demand(COD)and total suspended solids(TSS)removals under all flow patterns were achieved more than 85% and 90%,respectively.The standard deviation of effluent COD and TSS concentration did not exceed 15 mg/L. 相似文献
47.
Degradation of benomyl, picloram, and dicamba in a conical apparatus by zero-valent iron powder 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Ghauch A 《Chemosphere》2001,43(8):1109-1117
Reduction of some pesticides (benomyl, picloram, and dicamba) was studied in an aerobic batch conical pilot system to investigate the disappearance of these pesticides on contact with iron powder (20 g/l, 325-mesh). Aqueous buffered solutions of the compounds were added to the system followed by zero-valent iron powder (ZVIP), and the decline in the pesticide concentrations was monitored over time. HPLC analyses show a complete disappearance of picloram (1.20 mg/l) after 20 min of reaction. Benomyl (1.00 mg/l) and dicamba (1.25 mg/l) disappear after 25 and 40 min, respectively. The t50 values ranged from 3 to 5.5 min, and were about slightly less than the t1/2 values reported when the log of the relative HPLC peak area was plotted versus time, where the relative peak area was calculated by dividing the measured peak area by the initial peak area. Pathways for the degradation of the studied pesticides by ZVIP are proposed. 相似文献
48.
The European Union has defined an ambitious objective for the future concerning sustainable land use to stop the process of land take by 2050. But can this objective be reliably monitored? In this paper, which is based on the case study of Luxembourg and the neighbouring regions, we show that the tools that are used to monitor land-take produce different results that prevent from comparing the figures from one region to another. Moreover, a comparison of the strategic documents related to land use in this cross-border region shows that land-use policies are the product of very different contexts and relationships towards land as a resource, which need to be addressed with tailored strategies. 相似文献
49.
In the developing world, the exploitation of threatened species jeopardizes their permanence in the wild. Because not all captures are intentional, for instance when capture methods have low selectivity, pressure on these species may be lessened by releasing living incidentally caught animals. However, it is often unrealistic to expect people to voluntarily do so because it means foregoing the benefits of resource extraction. Financial incentives for such animal release may foster conservation objectives. Reducing human–animal conflicts, protecting natural habitat, and conserving nests of threatened species are examples of conservation benefits that can be built on financial reward systems. However, incentives aiming to protect unintentionally captured threatened species are scarce. We considered pay for release, a type of ecosystem-service payment designed to foster the release of incidentally captured threatened species. We aimed to determine the best conditions to implement this scheme, its potential benefits (e.g., incentivizing the release of threatened species), and pitfalls and priority research needs (e.g., required conditions for pay for release to work) to show that its global applicability is possible. Given that approaches solely based on education and law enforcement may be ineffective under some circumstances, we argue that pay for release can protect incidentally captured endangered species if used under conditions conducive for its success. When local participants’ intrinsic motivation for conservation is weak, but the release of incidentally live-caught animals into their habitats is readily achievable, pay-for-release schemes could jump start urgently needed conservation efforts against indiscriminate animal harvesting. 相似文献