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Anton Eitzinger Peter Läderach Beatriz Rodriguez Myles Fisher Stephen Beebe Kai Sonder Axel Schmidt 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2017,22(5):743-760
Drybeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are an important subsistence crop in Central America. Future climate change may threaten drybean production and jeopardize smallholder farmers’ food security. We estimated yield changes in drybeans due to changing climate in these countries using downscaled data from global circulation models (GCMs) in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. We generated daily weather data, which we used in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) drybean submodel. We compared different cultivars, soils, and fertilizer options in three planting seasons. We analyzed the simulated yields to spatially classify high-impact spots of climate change across the four countries. The results show a corridor of reduced yields from Lake Nicaragua to central Honduras (10–38 % decrease). Yields increased in the Guatemalan highlands, towards the Atlantic coast, and in southern Nicaragua (10–41 % increase). Some farmers will be able to adapt to climate change, but others will have to change crops, which will require external support. Research institutions will need to devise technologies that allow farmers to adapt and provide policy makers with feasible strategies to implement them. 相似文献
43.
Maurike de Groot-van der Mooren Gert de Graaf Michel E Weijerman Mariette J. V Hoffer Jeroen Knijnenburg Anne-Marie M. F van der Kevie-Kersemaekers Angelique J. A Kooper Els Voorhoeve Birgit Sikkema-Raddatz Laura J. C. M van Zutven Malgorzata Ilona Srebniak Karin Huijsdens-van Amsterdam John J. M Engelen Dominique Smeets Anton H van Kaam Martina C Cornel 《黑龙江环境通报》2021,41(10):1351-1359
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František Vožeh Antonín Doněk Jan Cendelín Ivana Korelusová Jan Vrba 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(4):501-504
The effect of long-term exposure to high frequency electromagnetic field (HF EMF) on some somatic and neural characteristics
was studied in neurodefective Lurcher mutant (+/Lc) and normal wild type mice (+/+). Both newborn and young adult (3 months)
animals derived from two strains (C3H, B6CBA) were exposed to HF EMF (870 MHz) from 1st to 21st day or from 91st to 120th
day respectively. In animals of both groups and controls we observed the development of body weight. Moreover, in the HF EMF
exposed adult B6CBA animals we studied spatial learning ability, motor functions and the CNS excitability. To investigate
specific energy absorption rate (SAR) in experimental animals we have done the basic 3D calculations of the electromagnetic
energy distribution in the simplified model of the mouse. The HF EMF exposed animals exhibited mild differences of body weight
between them and unexposed controls. The long-term exposure to HF EMF did not significantly influence the ability to learn
in the Morris water maze. However, significant lower swimming speed was found in the irradiated +/Lc as well as lower motor
activity of +/+ in the open field when compared to controls. No significant differences were found between HF EMF irradiated
animals and controls in examination of the CNS excitability and motor functions. 相似文献
46.
Novikov Dmitry A. Khvaschevskaya Albina A. Kopylova Yulia G. Pyryaev Aleksandr N. Maksimova Anastasia A. Derkachev Anton S. Dultsev Fedor F. Chernykh Anatoliy V. Purgina Daria V. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(55):83081-83098
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The first integrated isotope and chemistry results have been obtained for radon-rich thermal waters from the Belokurikha field which are used at a... 相似文献
47.
Domenico Foglia Mattias Ljunggren Walter Wukovits Anton Friedl Guido Zacchi Krzysztof Urbaniec Mariusz Markowski 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010
Fermentation of biomass residues and second generation biomasses is potentially a way to enable a sustainable production of hydrogen. Simulation models which calculate mass and energy balances, developed with Aspen Plus®, are used to integrate the process steps necessary to produce pure hydrogen from biomass in a 2-stage fermentation process. Process and heat integration are introduced to reduce the high water and heat demand of the process, connected to the low substrate concentrations in the involved process streams. The results show that the recirculation of process effluents, together with the use of properly designed heat exchangers, can reduce the water and heat demand up to 90% from a non-integrated process, but is also subject to restrictions due to an increase in osmolality in the system. 相似文献
48.
We have performed the photolysis of 2‐methyloxy‐, 2‐ethyloxy‐, 2‐propyloxy‐, 2‐isopropyloxy‐, 2‐(l‐methylbutyl)oxy‐, 2‐cyclohexyloxy‐ and 2‐propargyloxybenzothiazole derivatives. We have studied the influence of polarity of the solvent and presence or absence of oxygen on the course of their photochemical transformations. In general it can be concluded that the cleavage of the substituent‐oxygen bonds occurs preferentially, whereby the main product was identified in most cases to be 2‐benzothiazolinone. The rate of photolysis and the composition of the reaction mixture was dependent upon the presence or absence of oxygen. Photoreactivity of above benzo‐thiazole derivatives was also strongly dependent on the structure of the substituents in the position 2. 相似文献
49.
Marija Bakovic Anton Mažuranić Vedrana Petrovecki Davor Mayer 《Traffic injury prevention》2019,20(6):655-660
Objective: The objective of our study was to determine the prevalence of alcohol and drug intoxication among fatally injured motorcyclists in a wide urban area of Zagreb, Croatia.Methods: We conducted a single-center observational retrospective study over a 10-year period (2007–2016) in 3 counties covering an area including 1.2 million residents. We reviewed the records on fatally injured motorcyclists, collecting information relating to sex, age, cause of death, time of death in relation to the time of the crash, and the circumstances of the crash (time of day, day of the week, season). Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and toxicology analysis results were collected and analyzed.Results: We identified 163 deaths (95.7% males, 4.3% females). Overall, 64.2% of the victims were 20 to 39 years old. The majority (50.9%) of those fatally injured were responsible for causing the traffic crash; the rest were determined not to be responsible or the responsibility could not be determined. The most frequent causes of death were multiple injuries (55.8%) and isolated head trauma (23.3%). The rider’s BAC was above the legal limit for driving (>0.50?g/kg) in 53.8% of cases, with a mean BAC of 1.91?g/kg. There was no difference in riding a motorcycle with a BAC above the legal limit between groups defined as younger (≤39 years of age) and older (≥40 years of age). The number of people with an illegal BAC was significantly higher during weekends than during the work week. The BAC of riders who were responsible for the crash was significantly higher than that of those who were not responsible or whose responsibility could not be determined. Use of illegal drugs or nontherapeutic use of legal drugs was not common and was detected in 10.4% of fatally injured riders.Conclusions: Alcohol intoxication has a major role in motorcycle crash–related mortality. A significant difference in BAC between fatally injured riders responsible for the accident and those who were not responsible implies that measures directed toward prevention of drinking and driving behavior could lower the number of fatal motorcycle crashes. Weekend measures, especially during spring and summer, could have particularly significant effects. 相似文献
50.
Oxygen and carbon stable isotope profiles were constructed for two species of large subtropical gastropods of the family Fasciolariidae—Triplofusus giganteus and Fasciolaria tulipa—from the Florida Keys and the Bahamas, to evaluate their life history and to assess their potential as paleoenvironmental proxies. Oxygen isotope profiles revealed T. giganteus and F. tulipa grew their shells for 6 and 3 years, respectively. Both mollusks show faster growth rates during the first half of their lifespan. Mean annual temperatures (MAT) derived from oxygen isotopes for T. giganteus were 26.5 °C and for F. tulipa were 26.7 °C, both matching instrumental MATs of 26.7 and 26.5 °C for the Florida Keys. Both shells, however, failed to record entire mean annual temperature ranges (MART). Fasciolaria tulipa yielded a calculated MART of 5.6 °C compared with a measured MART of 9.3 °C, and T. giganteus showed a calculated MART of 6.9 °C compared with a measured MART of 9.4 °C. Carbon isotopes of T. giganteus were ambiguous and reveal no significant relationships with trends in nutrient concentrations (N and P), dissolved oxygen, and dissolved organic carbon, although they did exhibit more negative values concomitant with landfall of Hurricane Irene and trended to increasing values with ontogeny that could reflect migration. Carbon isotopes in F. tulipa were lower during winters, possibly reflecting seasonal upwelling or seagrass-mediated carbon cycling. 相似文献