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81.
82.
Roberto Delogu Andrea Battistone Gabriele Buttinelli Stefano Fiore Stefano Fontana Concetta Amato Karen Cristiano Sabine Gamper Josef Simeoni Rita Frate Laura Pellegrinelli Sandro Binda Licia Veronesi Roberta Zoni Paolo Castiglia Andrea Cossu Maria Triassi Francesca Pennino Cinzia Germinario Viviana Balena Antonella Cicala Pietro Mercurio Lucia Fiore Carlo Pini Paola Stefanelli 《Food and environmental virology》2018,10(4):333-342
Within the initiatives for poliomyelitis eradication by WHO, Italy activated an environmental surveillance (ES) in 2005. ES complements clinical Acute Flaccid Paralysis (AFP) surveillance for possible polio cases, detects poliovirus circulation in environmental sewage, and is used to monitor transmission in communities. In addition to polioviruses, the analyses comprised: (i) the monitoring of the presence of non-polio enteroviruses in sewage samples and (ii) the temporal and geographical distribution of the detected viruses. From 2009 to 2015, 2880 sewage samples were collected from eight cities participating in the surveillance. Overall, 1479 samples resulted positive for enteroviruses. No wild-type polioviruses were found, although four Sabin-like polioviruses were detected. The low degree of mutation found in the genomes of these four isolates suggests that these viruses have had a limited circulation in the population. All non-polio enteroviruses belonged to species B and the most frequent serotype was CV-B5, followed by CV-B4, E-11, E-6, E-7, CV-B3, and CV-B2. Variations in the frequency of different serotypes were also observed in different seasons and/or Italian areas. Environmental surveillance in Italy, as part of the ‘WHO global polio eradication program’, is a powerful tool to augment the polio surveillance and to investigate the silent circulation or the re-emergence of enteroviruses in the population. 相似文献
83.
European winegrowers’ perceptions of climate change impact and options for adaptation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Antonella Battaglini Gerard Barbeau Marco Bindi Franz-W. Badeck 《Regional Environmental Change》2009,9(2):61-73
A questionnaire on the perception of climate change and the impact of climate change was distributed among winegrowers in
France, Germany, and Italy. These countries are located in three macro-climatic regions that experienced different patterns
of climatic change in the twentieth century—Atlantic, transition to Continental and Mediterranean. The majority of winegrowers
perceived changing climatic conditions in the last few decades. The characterization of these changes is consistent with results
obtained by the analysis of long-term trends in climatic records. The winegrowers noted impacts on harvestable quantities
(mainly in Italy), must quality, and risks of pests and diseases. The majority of respondents (66%) indicated an impact on
wine quality, which was perceived as quality improvement in 55% of the cases. Perceived impacts on pests and diseases were
reported in 56% of the responses. A strong majority of this group (80%) also reported increasing threats. Perceived climatic
change and its noticeable impacts has led to growing interest in adaptation options, combined with a need for more information,
among winegrowers. Thus, the transfer of technical knowledge from scientific research to practice is necessary for adaptation.
Plans for adaptation by a change of wine varieties were reported with substantially different results among the regions. A
majority of German growers said they would consider changing varieties to adapt to warming temperatures, while only a minority
of the Italian and French growers said they would consider such changes. However, readiness to adopt adaptation measures is
correlated with the degree of changes already planned, independent of climatic change. 相似文献
84.
Marino Martini Luciano Giannini Antonella Buccianti Laura Maggi Franco Prati Paola Cellini Legittimo 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(3):139-147
A major influence on the environment of active volcanic areas is expected from continuous input of chemical species pertaining to fumarolic activities occurring during inter-eruptive intervals. The systematic investigations carried out during thirteen years in the island of Vulcano (Italy) showed also substantial contributions to phreatic waters and soils of minor constituents and trace metals from volcanic rocks with no negligible influence on growing crops. Greater extents of these phenomena have been observed for products of hydromagmatic volcanic activity or of long-lasting weathering processes. 相似文献
85.
Jeremy?FieldEmail author Robert?Paxton Antonella?Soro Paul?Craze Catherine?Bridge 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(5):743-756
Phenotypic plasticity may evolve when conditions vary temporally or spatially on a small enough scale. Plasticity is thought
to play a central role in the early stages of evolutionary transitions, including major transitions such as those between
non-sociality and sociality. The sweat bee Halictus rubicundus is of special interest in this respect, because it is socially plastic in the British Isles: Nests are social or non-social
depending on the environment. However, sociality comprises a complex suite of inter-related traits. To further investigate
social plasticity in H. rubicundus, we measured traits that are potentially integral to social phenotype at a northern site, where nests are non-social, and
a southern site where nests can be social. We found that foundresses at non-social sites were smaller, produced offspring
of a size more similar to themselves, initiated nesting later, and took longer to produce their first female offspring. They
began provisioning earlier in the day, finished earlier, and collected more pollen loads. Common garden experiments suggested
that these differences represent mainly plasticity, as expected for traits involved in the overall plastic social phenotype,
with only limited evidence for fixed genetic differences in foraging. Conditions during overwintering did not have major effects
on a foundress' subsequent behaviour. 相似文献
86.
Maria Valeria Migliori Antonella Pettinari Anna Maria Ciaschini Paola Piermattei Francesco Pigliapoco Giancarlo Discepoli 《黑龙江环境通报》2004,24(4):290-292
We report the prenatal diagnosis of an extra der(4) resulting from 4:2 malsegregation of a maternal balanced complex translocation involving chromosomes 4, 10, and 11. The woman was referred for amniocentesis because of recurrent miscarriages. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed in order to characterize the complex chromosome rearrangement. Following genetic counselling, the couple decided to terminate the pregnancy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
87.
Marino Martini Luciano Giannini Antonella Buccianti Laura Maggi Franco Prati Paola Cellini Legittimo Paolo Iozzelli Bruno Capaccioni 《Chemistry and Ecology》1991,5(3):139-147
A major influence on the environment of active volcanic areas is expected from continuous input of chemical species pertaining to fumarolic activities occurring during inter-eruptive intervals.
The systematic investigations carried out during thirteen years in the island of Vulcano (Italy) showed also substantial contributions to phreatic waters and soils of minor constituents and trace metals from volcanic rocks with no negligible influence on growing crops.
Greater extents of these phenomena have been observed for products of hydromagmatic volcanic activity or of long-lasting weathering processes. 相似文献
The systematic investigations carried out during thirteen years in the island of Vulcano (Italy) showed also substantial contributions to phreatic waters and soils of minor constituents and trace metals from volcanic rocks with no negligible influence on growing crops.
Greater extents of these phenomena have been observed for products of hydromagmatic volcanic activity or of long-lasting weathering processes. 相似文献
88.
Ashmore J Babister E Corsellis T Fowler J Kelman I McRobie A Manfield P Spence R Vitale A Battilana R Crawford K 《Disasters》2003,27(4):273-287
The diversity of shelters used in transitional settlements for internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Herat, Afghanistan is described. The information is based on a field survey undertaken in March 2002 and highlights the adaptation techniques, which IDPs undertake to improve any provided shelter. Potential areas for improvement are indicated; for example, the possibility for using insulated, demountable liners to prevent cold-related deaths without sacrificing shelter flexibility along with the likely need for better agency coordination of the shelter responses they provide. The wider context in which the technical recommendations would be implemented must also be considered. Such issues include agency resources, political impediments to providing the desired option, and the preference of many IDPs that the best shelter would be their home. 相似文献
89.
Chiara Telloli Antonella Malaguti Mihaela Mirce Renzo Tassinari Carmela Vaccaro Massimo Berico 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2014,26(9):1903-1912
This study shows for the first time a chemical and morphological characterization of agricultural aerosols released during three important agricultural operations: threshing, plowing and sowing. The field campaigns were carried out in the eastern part of the Po Valley, Italy, in summer and autumn 2009. The aerosol particles were sampled on quartz fiber filters and polytetrafluoroethylene membranes in order to allow Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) investigations, respectively. The organic carbon mass concentrations were measured with a Sunset Laboratory Dual-Optical Organic Carbone/Elemental Carbon (OCEC) Aerosol analyzer. The morphological and chemical analyses by SEM-EDS allowed recognizing four main particle classes: organic, silica, calcite and clay minerals. The organic particles contribute to both fine and coarse aerosol fractions up to ca. 50% for all three agricultural activities. This was also confirmed by OCEC analysis for fine fraction. Most of the agricultural aerosols, about 60%, were single particles and the remaining 40% were agglomerations of particles. The ICP-MS results showed that threshing and plowing produce more aerosol particles than sowing, which was characterized by important amounts of clay minerals produced from land soils. 相似文献
90.