安徽与周边地区地震活动关系的研究

在对中国大陆东部与银川地震带及安徽地区地震活动周期进行划分与研究的基础上 ,将安徽与周边特定地区每周期的地震活动 ,划分为 2 4个时空序次。分析研究安徽 4个地震与周边特定地区 2 0个地震时空序次的关系 ,预测未来几年内安徽中西部地区可能发生MS5 .0～ 5 .75地震     

Mussel watch program for organic contaminants along the Korean coast, 2001–2007

The level and extent of organic contaminants along the Korean coast were estimated through the mussel watch program, established in 2001. Mussels and oysters were collected at 20 sites along the Korean coast in 2001 and at 25 sites from 2002 to 2007. The mussel tissues were analyzed for PCBs, organochlorine presticides, PAHs, BTs, and PCDD/Fs. PCBs, PAHs, BTs, and PCDD/Fs were ubiquitous contaminants along the Korean coast, showing mean detection frequencies of more than 95% over 7 years. The concentrations of organic contaminants in mussels along the Korean coast were relatively low or moderate compared with foreign studies. Concentrations of DDTs, PCBs, and PCDD/Fs were below the action or maximum levels for humans established by USFDA and EU. Elevated concentrations above the 85th percentile were found for PCBs, PAHs, BTs, and PCDD/Fs at sites near industrial complexes or big harbors, for HCHs at sites near non-industrial complexes, and for DDTs at sites near both non-industrial and industrial complexes. Using two nonparametric tests to assess temporal trends, the Spearman test revealed that BTs and PCDD/Fs had significant decreasing trends at four sites (Gwangyang Bay, Cheonsu Bay, Garorym Bay, and the Incheon coast) and at six sites (Hupo coast, Guryongpo coast, eastern part of Geojedo, Gunsan coast, Garorym Bay, and Asan Bay), respectively.     

Costs of overlapping reproduction and moult in passerine birds: an experiment with the pied flycatcher

The process of moult in birds requires the investment of substantial amounts of energy and nutrients in feather production and attendant processes. Flight performance may be reduced during the moult of the wing feathers, and moulting birds may suffer from an increased predation risk. These factors may explain why the moult is usually separated in time from other energetically demanding processes, such as reproduction. In this study, we investigated the importance of the temporal separation of moult from breeding activities in the pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca. We induced a moult-breeding overlap by removing the two innermost primaries on both wings, thus imitating the natural loss of these feathers during the initial stage of the moult. The experiment probably did not stimulate feather regrowth, but may have reduced flight performance. Just before fledging of the young, manipulated males and females, as well as the fledglings, had a lower body condition than control birds. The return rate of adult males in the year following the manipulation was significantly lower for males in the manipulated group than for control males. The return rate of females was lower than that of males, but there was no difference between the two female groups. The number of nestlings recruited in the year after the manipulation was significantly lower for the group with an induced moult-breeding overlap than for the control group. The reproductive performance in recruited and returning old females was independent of the manipulation, and in returning adults and recruits the feather quality in terms of number of barbs/mm was independent of the manipulation. These results suggest that a moult-breeding overlap induces fitness costs in terms of reduced recruitment rate and adult survival in a long-distance migrant. Received: 17 September 1997 / Accepted after revision: 23 February 1998     

Traffic and meteorological impacts on near-road air quality: summary of methods and trends from the Raleigh Near-Road Study

A growing number of epidemiological studies conducted worldwide suggest an increase in the occurrence of adverse health effects in populations living, working, or going to school near major roadways. A study was designed to assess traffic emissions impacts on air quality and particle toxicity near a heavily traveled highway. In an attempt to describe the complex mixture of pollutants and atmospheric transport mechanisms affecting pollutant dispersion in this near-highway environment, several real-time and time-integrated sampling devices measured air quality concentrations at multiple distances and heights from the road. Pollutants analyzed included U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-regulated gases, particulate matter (coarse, fine, and ultrafine), and air toxics. Pollutant measurements were synchronized with real-time traffic and meteorological monitoring devices to provide continuous and integrated assessments of the variation of near-road air pollutant concentrations and particle toxicity with changing traffic and environmental conditions, as well as distance from the road. Measurement results demonstrated the temporal and spatial impact of traffic emissions on near-road air quality. The distribution of mobile source emitted gas and particulate pollutants under all wind and traffic conditions indicated a higher proportion of elevated concentrations near the road, suggesting elevated exposures for populations spending significant amounts of time in this microenvironment. Diurnal variations in pollutant concentrations also demonstrated the impact of traffic activity and meteorology on near-road air quality. Time-resolved measurements of multiple pollutants demonstrated that traffic emissions produced a complex mixture of criteria and air toxic pollutants in this microenvironment. These results provide a foundation for future assessments of these data to identify the relationship of traffic activity and meteorology on air quality concentrations and population exposures.     

氮肥使用对北方夏玉米季氨挥发的影响

氨挥发是农田作物生产中氮肥损失的主要途径之一,对空气质量有重要影响.为研究我国北方地区化肥类型、施用数量、施氮时期以及采样方法等因素对夏玉米季氨挥发的影响,本研究收集了1980~2018年发表的北方地区夏玉米生产中氨挥发的研究文献,并对数据进行统计分析.结果发现,随着化肥施氮量的增加,氨挥发总量呈指数型增长,净氨挥发量呈幂函数型增长.基肥/追肥施氮量为1/1时,追肥期氨挥发总量和净氨挥发量显著高于基肥期（P<0.05）,氨挥发总量分别约占总生育期的58.4%和41.6%.随着施氮量的增加,激发效应先表现为负效应后逐渐转变为正效应,转折点施氮量为297 kg ·hm^-2.采用抽气法与海绵法测定的氨挥发量存在显著差异（P<0.01）,且抽气法测定数据更为稳定.施用缓释尿素相较于普通尿素可降低氨挥发约20%~50%.我国北方夏玉米生产中,合理控制追肥期施氮量更有助于减少氨挥发,且高氮肥条件下抽气法比海绵法更适合于氨挥发的测定.     

Increased risk of abortion after genetic amniocentesis in twin pregnancies

Forty-seven twin pregnancies among 3676 patients who had a genetic amniocentesis between 1973 and 1979, are reported. The detection rate of twins at the time of amniocentesis was 62 per cent. Five (17 per cent) of the 29 women with detected twin pregnancy aborted spontaneously, these are compared with 1 (6 per cent) of 18 women with undetected twin pregnancies and with 3 (3 per cent) of 93 singleton pregnancies, selected as controls as they had amniocentesis performed immediately before and after each of the twin mothers. Two of 9 (22 per cent) twin pregnancies, who had at least two punctures in at least one sac aborted, while 3 of 20 twin pregnancies with one puncture in each sac aborted (15 per cent). One of 18 (6 per cent) twin pregnancies, where only one sac was punctured, because the twin pregnancies were undetected, aborted. Amniocentesis of both sacs in twin pregnancies seems associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. The indications for amniocentesis in twin pregnancies should be critically evaluated.     

Prenatal obstruction of the ileum diagnosed by ultrasound

A case of low atresia of the ileum, diagnosed prenatally by real-time ultrasound scanning, is presented. The ultrasound examination showed progressive distension of intestinal loops, with strong peristaltic movements. The stomach was also distended, presenting as a large cystic area in the upper left abdomen. Real-time ultrasound technique is most advantageous in the diagnosis of fetal ileus. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal intestinal obstruction is of great importance, making early and safe treatment of the newborn possible.     

赣东北地区浅变质岩岩石地层单位划分及沉积构造背景分析

赣东北地区浅变质岩地层非常发育，构造十分复杂，“九五”期间在此区开展1：5万区域地质调查发现：大致以景德镇-鹅湖断裂以南，塔前-赋春断裂以北，浅变质岩以一套碎屑岩为主夹菱铁矿、碳酸盐和火山碎屑沉积；塔前-赋春断裂以南，香屯-太白寺断裂以北变质岩主要以火山碎屑岩为主夹中基性熔岩、碎屑岩沉积。根据沉积构造环境分析，前者为正常海相沉积，后者为裂谷环境沉积，分别代表两个不同时期，不同构造环境沉积的产物。