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101.
102.
Assessing PAH and PCB emissions from the relocation of harbour sediments using equilibrium passive samplers 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Large-scale dredging of contaminated sediments is taking place in the harbor of Oslo, Norway. The dredged sediment masses are transferred into a confined aquatic disposal facility (CAD) in a natural 70-m deep basin within the Oslofjord. Currently there is no established method to determine how much dissolved contaminants are released during relocation and deposition of these sediments. For this reason we tested the use of equilibrium passive samplers consisting of 55 microm thin polyoxymethylene (POM-55) for studying the release of freely dissolved and thus bioavailable PAHs and PCBs at the disposal site, and found this to be a suitable method. In order to use POM-55 for monitoring PCBs, it was necessary to measure their POM-55/water partition coefficients, which was also presented as part of this study. Elevated turbidity (average 4.1 mg l(-1)) was observed at one side of the basin where no natural sill exists. Analysis of POM-55 at this location before and after deposition revealed that there was an increase in freely dissolved concentrations (C(W,free)) during deposition by a factor 37.5 for PAHs and a factor of 2.9 for PCBs. In addition, during deposition phenanthrene-to-anthracene aqueous concentration ratios at this location (values of 3-4) were more similar to those of the deposited sediments (approximately 2) than to those of the CAD water prior to deposition (approximately 14). This was not observed for the other locations where a natural sill exists at approximately 30 m water depth. The POM-55 equilibrium passive samplers are here shown to be useful tools for measuring and understanding the dynamics involved in the release of dissolved contaminants during sediment relocation. 相似文献
103.
104.
Projected changes in climate in Southern Norway include increases in summer and autumn precipitation. This may affect leaching of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from soils. Effects of experimentally added extra precipitation (10 mm week) during the growing season of 3 years (2004-2006) to small headwater catchments at Storgama (59 degrees 0'N, 550-600 m a.s.l.) on leaching of total organic carbon (TOC) and total organic nitrogen (TON) were assessed. Extra precipitation did not have a significant effect on average TOC and TON concentrations in runoff. Thus, fluxes of TOC and TON increased nearly proportionally with water fluxes. This suggests that a store of adsorbed and potentially mobile TOC and TON in catchment soils buffers the concentration of DOM in runoff. The size and dynamics of the pool of TOC and TON depends on the balance between production and leaching rates. Infrequent short droughts had only small effects on TOC and TON fluxes in runoff from the reference catchments. 相似文献
105.
Seafood from a changing Arctic 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We review current knowledge about climate change impacts on Arctic seafood production. Large-scale changes in the Arctic marine food web can be expected for the next 40–100 years. Possible future trajectories under climate change for Arctic capture fisheries anticipate the movement of aquatic species into new waters and changed the dynamics of existing species. Negative consequences are expected for some fish stocks but others like the Barents Sea cod (Gadus morhua) may instead increase. Arctic aquaculture that constitutes about 2% of global farming is mainly made up of Norwegian salmon (Salmo salar) farming. The sector will face many challenges in a warmer future and some of these are already a reality impacting negatively on salmon growth. Other more indirect effects from climate change are more uncertain with respect to impacts on the economic conditions of Arctic aquaculture. 相似文献
106.
Hans L. A. Slenders Laurent Bakker Paul Bardos Rachelle Verburg Arne Alphenaar Dominique Darmendrail Peter Nadebaum 《补救:环境净化治理成本、技术与工艺杂志》2017,27(2):77-97
This article provides an overview of the developments concerning sustainable remediation (SR) from the authors’ perspective. A short history of policy development is outlined, in which the focus mainly lies on the Netherlands since this is the homeland of the majority of the authors. The Netherlands is a densely populated country with high pressure on land and was in the forefront of developments in soil policy. The authors plead for simplicity in approaches, as history has proven that the simpler theory more often is true, and above all will better be understood by stakeholders and, thus, will more easily lead to consensus. Implicitly the authors make clear that SR not only has benefits from a societal, economic, and environmental point of view, but if the methodologies are implemented correctly, it leads to more robust and supported decision making. Moreover, it opens the road to flexible and integral remedial objectives that enable innovative and creative solutions for soil and groundwater contamination. The proposed methodologies and creative innovations are illustrated with full‐scale operational cases. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
107.
Robert Axelsson Per Angelstam Lennart Myhrman Stefan Sädbom Milis Ivarsson Marine Elbakidze Kenneth Andersson Petr Cupa Christian Diry Frederic Doyon Marcus K. Drotz Arne Hjorth Jan Olof Hermansson Thomas Kullberg F. Henry Lickers Johanna McTaggart Anders Olsson Yurij Pautov Lennart Svensson Johan Törnblom 《Ambio》2013,42(2):241-253
To implement policies about sustainable landscapes and rural development necessitates social learning about states and trends of sustainability indicators, norms that define sustainability, and adaptive multi-level governance. We evaluate the extent to which social learning at multiple governance levels for sustainable landscapes occur in 18 local development initiatives in the network of Sustainable Bergslagen in Sweden. We mapped activities over time, and interviewed key actors in the network about social learning. While activities resulted in exchange of experiences and some local solutions, a major challenge was to secure systematic social learning and make new knowledge explicit at multiple levels. None of the development initiatives used a systematic approach to secure social learning, and sustainability assessments were not made systematically. We discuss how social learning can be improved, and how a learning network of development initiatives could be realized. 相似文献
108.
Daniel Kozák Marek Svitok Veronika Zemlerová Martin Mikoláš Thibault Lachat Laurent Larrieu Yoan Paillet Arne Buechling Radek Bače William S. Keeton Lucie Vítková Krešimir Begovič Vojtěch Čada Martin Dušátko Matej Ferenčík Michal Frankovič Rhiannon Gloor Jeňýk Hofmeister Pavel Janda Ondrej Kameniar Tomáš Kníř Linda Majdanová Marek Mejstřík Jakob Pavlin Dheeraj Ralhan Ruffy Rodrigo Catalin-Constantin Roibu Michal Synek Ondřej Vostarek Miroslav Svoboda 《Conservation biology》2023,37(3):e14066
Protecting structural features, such as tree-related microhabitats (TreMs), is a cost-effective tool crucial for biodiversity conservation applicable to large forested landscapes. Although the development of TreMs is influenced by tree diameter, species, and vitality, the relationships between tree age and TreM profile remain poorly understood. Using a tree-ring-based approach and a large data set of 8038 trees, we modeled the effects of tree age, diameter, and site characteristics on TreM richness and occurrence across some of the most intact primary temperate forests in Europe, including mixed beech and spruce forests. We observed an overall increase in TreM richness on old and large trees in both forest types. The occurrence of specific TreM groups was variably related to tree age and diameter, but some TreM groups (e.g., epiphytes) had a stronger positive relationship with tree species and elevation. Although many TreM groups were positively associated with tree age and diameter, only two TreM groups in spruce stands reacted exclusively to tree age (insect galleries and exposed sapwood) without responding to diameter. Thus, the retention of trees for conservation purposes based on tree diameter appears to be a generally feasible approach with a rather low risk of underrepresentation of TreMs. Because greater tree age and diameter positively affected TreM development, placing a greater emphasis on conserving large trees and allowing them to reach older ages, for example, through the establishment of conservation reserves, would better maintain the continuity of TreM resource and associated biodiversity. However, this approach may be difficult due to the widespread intensification of forest management and global climate change. 相似文献
109.
Skaugset NP Ellingsen DG Dahl K Martinsen I Jordbekken L Drabløs PA Thomassen Y 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2012,14(2):353-359
Alumina used in the production of primary aluminium contains Be which partly vaporises from the cryolite bath into the workroom atmosphere. Since Be may be toxic at lower exposure levels than previously thought, the personal exposure to Be among workers in 7 Norwegian primary smelters has been assessed. In total, 480 personal Respicon? virtual impactor full shift air samples have been collected during 2 sampling campaigns and analysed for water soluble Be, Al and Na using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. In addition, water soluble F(-) has been measured by ion chromatography. The Be air concentrations in the inhalable, thoracic and respirable aerosol fractions have been calculated. The Be concentrations in the inhalable aerosol fraction vary between the different smelters. The highest GM concentration of Be in the inhalable fraction (122 ng m(-3), n = 30) was measured in the prebake pot room of a smelter using predominantly Jamaican alumina where also the highest individual air concentration of 270 ng m(-3) of Be was identified. The relative distribution of Be in the different aerosol fractions was fairly constant with the mean Be amount for the two sampling campaigns between 44-49% in the thoracic fraction expressed as % of the inhalable amount. Linear regression analysis shows a high correlation between water soluble Be, Al, F and Na describing an average measured chemical bulk composition of the water soluble thoracic fraction as Na(5.7)Al(3.1)F(18). Be is likely to be present as traces in this particulate matter by replacing Al atoms in the condensed fluorides and/or as a major element in a nanoparticle sized fluoride. Thus, the major amount of Be present in the work room atmosphere of Al smelter pot rooms will predominantly be present in combination with substantial amounts of water soluble Al, F and Na. 相似文献
110.
George G. Ice George W. Brown John A. Gravelle C. Rhett Jackson Jeffrey T. Light Timothy E. Link Douglas J. Martin Dale J. McGreer Arne E. Skaugset 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2010,46(4):838-842
Ice, George G., George W. Brown, John A. Gravelle, C. Rhett Jackson, Jeffrey T. Light, Timothy E. Link, Douglas J. Martin, Dale J. McGreer, and Arne E. Skaugset, 2010. Discussion –“Stream Temperature Relationships to Forest Harvest in Western Washington” by Michael M. Pollock, Timothy J. Beechie, Martin Liermann, and Richard E. Bigley. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 838-842. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00441.x 相似文献