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排序方式: 共有254条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
231.
Arnold L. Lum 《Environmental management》1978,2(5):423-430
Numbers of shorebirds visiting the Paiko Lagoon Wildlife Sanctuary, a small tropical estuary located on Oahu, Hawaii, are compared before and after environmental restoration of the lagoon. An attempt is made to examine both the biological impacts and policy implications of the project. The biological results indicate that shorebird abundance did not increase following restoration. On the other hand, public perceptions regarding the ecological value of the lagoon suggest that in spite of a lack of biological benefit to shorebirds, the lagoon was perceived by the public, particularly local residents, as being more ecologically valuable because it had been aesthetically improved. The discussion focuses on the interplay between scientific and non-scientific factors in natural resource decision making. 相似文献
232.
Greigh I. Hirata MD Marsha L. Matsunaga Arnold L. Medearis Patricia Dixon Lawrence D. Platt 《黑龙江环境通报》1990,10(8):507-512
A case of a prenatally recognized hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma is presented and the literature reviewed. These tumors are benign and usually present in early infancy with symptoms that are related to the mass effect on adjacent organs. Radiologic methods used in the past to image this tumor include angiography and ultrasound. However, there is no specific radiologic finding, and, therefore, the diagnosis is usually made during surgery. Once the tumor is removed, the prognosis is generally good. With the increasing use of high resolution ultrasound in prenatal diagnosis, this rare tumor should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any multicystic mass found in the fetal abdomen. The recognition of a mass should then alert the physician to the need for early neonatal intervention. 相似文献
233.
Bertrand Segues Jean-Michel Rozet Brigitte Gilbert Pascale Saugier-Veber Daniel Rabier Jean-Marie Saudubray Mireille Carré Françoise Parrot Rouleau Alain Menget Jean-Michel Bonardi Stanislas Lyonnet Jean-Paul Bonnefont Arnold Munnich 《黑龙江环境通报》1995,15(8):757-761
Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is an X-linked disorder of the urea cycle mapped to chromosome Xp21.1. Here, we show that apparent segregation of null alleles at the OTC locus and flanking polymorphic loci mimicked false maternity or false paternity in three affected families. Based on these observations, we suggest giving consideration to gene deletion when dealing with segregation of null alleles in OTC deficiency. 相似文献
234.
L. G. Firbank M. G. Telfer B. C. Eversham H. R. Arnold 《Journal of environmental management》1994,42(4)
The set-aside scheme of the E.C. is a way of dealing with the socio-economic problem of food surpluses, but it also presents opportunities for environmental benefits. To help target set-aside policies, three groups of species (scarce plants, butterflies and grasshoppers) were analysed by present and past distribution and by habitat. In those biotopes which could be restored using set-aside land, chalk grassland has shown the greatest decline of scarce plants, and the two insect groups have declined the most in heathland, water-fringe vegetation and woodland edges. However, declines were also observed for other biotopes. These and other data suggest that conservation efforts on a set-aside land should not be concentrated on a particular kind of habitat, but should address a diversity of habitats in a diversity of locations. This conclusions has been used to help defined the 1993 set-aside schemes for the U.K. 相似文献
235.
ABSTRACT: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have been successfully integrated with distributed parameter, single-event, water quality models such as AGNPS (AGricultural NonPoint Source) and ANSWERS (Areal Nonpoint Source Watershed Environmental Response Simulation). These linkages proved to be an effective way to collect, manipulate, visualize, and analyze the input and output date of water quality models. However, for continuous-time, basin large-scale water quality models, collecting and manipulating the input data are more time-consuming and cumbersome due to the method of disaggregation (subdivisions are based on topographic boundaries). SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), a basin-scale water quality model, was integrated with a GIS to extract input data for modeling a basin. This paper discusses the detailed development of the integration of the SWAT water quality model with GRASS (Geographic Resources Analysis Support System) GIS, along with an application and advantages. The integrated system was applied to simulated a 114 sq. km upper portion of the Seco Creek Basin by subdividing it into 37 subbasins. The average monthly predicted streamflw is in agreement with measured monthly streamflw values. 相似文献
236.
237.
238.
Arnold Münster 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1948,35(11):343-344
239.
C. Santhi N. Kannan J. G. Arnold M. Di Luzio 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2008,44(4):829-846
Abstract: Physically based regional scale hydrologic modeling is gaining importance for planning and management of water resources. Calibration and validation of such regional scale model is necessary before applying it for scenario assessment. However, in most regional scale hydrologic modeling, flow validation is performed at the river basin outlet without accounting for spatial variations in hydrological parameters within the subunits. In this study, we calibrated the model to capture the spatial variations in runoff at subwatershed level to assure local water balance, and validated the streamflow at key gaging stations along the river to assure temporal variability. Ohio and Arkansas‐White‐Red River Basins of the United States were modeled using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) for the period from 1961 to 1990. R2 values of average annual runoff at subwatersheds were 0.78 and 0.99 for the Ohio and Arkansas Basins. Observed and simulated annual and monthly streamflow from 1961 to 1990 is used for temporal validation at the gages. R2 values estimated were greater than 0.6. In summary, spatially distributed calibration at subwatersheds and temporal validation at the stream gages accounted for the spatial and temporal hydrological patterns reasonably well in the two river basins. This study highlights the importance of spatially distributed calibration and validation in large river basins. 相似文献
240.
Laturnus Frank von Arnold Karin Grn Christian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):53-60
Goal, Scope and Background Sewage sludge produced in wastewater treatment contains large amounts of organic matter and nutrients and could, therefore,
be suitable as fertiliser. However, with the sludge, besides heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria, a variety of organic contaminants
can be added to agricultural fields. Whether the organic contaminants from the sludge can have adverse effects on human health
and wildlife if these compounds enter the food chain or groundwater still remains a point of controversial discussion.
Main Features This paper presents an overview on the present situation in Europe and a summary of some recent results on the possible uptake
of organic contaminants by crops after addition to agricultural fields by sewage sludge.
Results Greenhouse experiments and field trials were performed to study the degradation and uptake of organic micro-contaminants in
sludge-amended agricultural soil in crops, such as barley and carrots grown in agricultural soil amended with anaerobically-treated
sewage sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, but studies hitherto have revealed no immediate risks. Common sludge contaminants
such as linear alkylbenzene sulphonates (LAS), nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPE), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), bis(diethylhexyl)
phthalate (DEHP), showed neither accumulation in soil nor uptake in plants.
Discussion It is assumed that the annual amount of sewage sludge produced in Europe will increase in the future, mainly due to larger
amounts of high quality drinking water needed by an increasing population and due to increasing demands for cleaner sewage
water. Application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils is sustainable and economical due to nutrient cycling and disposal
of sewage sludge. However, this solution also involves risks with respect to the occurrence of organic contaminants and other
potentially harmful contents such as pathogens and heavy metals present in the sludge. There have been concerns that organic
contaminants may accumulate in the soil, be taken up by plants and thereby transferred to humans via the food chain. Results
obtained so far revealed, however, no immediate risk of accumulation of common organic sludge contaminants in soil or uptake
in plants when applying sewage sludge to agricultural soil. With very high dosages of sewage sludge, there may be a risk for
accumulation of very apolar contaminants, such as DEHP, to the soil.
Conclusions Any conclusions on the safe use of sewage sludge in agriculture have to be drawn carefully, as the studies performed until
now have been limited. Further studies are required, and before final statements can be drawn, it is imminent to study a larger
variety of common crops and the effect sewage sludge application may have on a possible accumulation of organic contaminants
in the crops. Furthermore, a larger variety of organic contaminants need to be studied and special focus should be given to
contaminants newly introduced into the environment. Besides investigating possible plant uptake of organic contaminants, the
fate of these compounds in soil after sludge application need to be monitored too. Here, special attention has to begiven
to studies on degradation and the formation of degradation products, to weathering and to leaching effects on groundwater,
to the application of different crops on the same field (crop rotation), to the use of full-width tillage and strip tillage,
and to long term application of sewage sludge on the soil.
Recommendations and Perspectives There are environmental, political as well as economical incentives to increase the agricultural application of sludge. However,
such usage should be performed with care as there are also ways in which sludge fertilisation could harm the environment and
human health. Recently, a new European COST Action (859) has been established covering the field of food safety and improved
food quality. Part of the Action is dealing with the application of sewage sludge in agriculture. Before any political and
economical measures can be taken, the pros and cons have to be sufficiently investigated on a scientific level first.
ESS-Submission Editor: Prof. Elena Maestri (elena.maestri@unipr.it) 相似文献