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21.
Seema Awasthi Mukesh Khare Prashant Gargava 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2006,11(3):267-276
Gaussian-based dispersion models are widely used to estimate local pollution levels. The accuracy of such models depends on
stability classification schemes as well as plume rise equations. A general plume dispersion model (GPDM) for a point source
emission, based on Gaussian plume dispersion equation, was developed. The program complex was developed using Java and Visual
basic tools. It has the flexibility of using five kinds of stability classification schemes, i.e., Lapse Rate, Pasquill–Gifford
(PG), Turner, σ–θ and Richardson number. It also has the option of using two types of plume rise formulations – Briggs and
Holland’s. The model, applicable for both rural and urban roughness conditions, uses meteorological and emission data as its
input parameters, and calculates concentrations of pollutant at the center of each cell in a predefined grid area with respect
to the given source location. Its performance was tested by comparing with 4-h average field data of continuous releases of
SO2 from Dadri thermal power plant (Uttar Pradesh, India). Results showed that the Turner scheme used with Holland’s equation
gives the best outcome having a degree of agreement (d) of 0.522. 相似文献
22.
Meenakshi Arora Mallavarapu Megharaj Ravi Naidu 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2009,31(Z1):45-48
In recent years field test kits have been largely used to identify arsenic (As) levels in contaminated water sources in Bangladesh,
West Bengal (India), and elsewhere in the world to establish whether or not the water is safe. Most of the kits are based
on the reaction of arsine gas with some chemical agent to form a coloured complex; the intensity of the colour is compared
visually with a colour-coded chart or measured electronically to calculate the concentration of As in the water sample. In
this paper, a step-wise review is presented of the analytical process used in the most commonly available As field test kits
and the associated shortcomings of each of these kits. We also identify the research gaps for future work to enhance the accuracy
and reliability of test results produced by these kits. 相似文献
23.
IntroductionNitrificationisaprocessinwhichammoniumformofnitrogenisconvertedintonitrateform .Nitrogenuseefficiencyintermsofplantuptakeisgenerallylowandvariesgreatlyunderdifferentsoilandcroppingconditions.MostfertilizerNappliedtosoilsisintheformofammonium orammoniumproducingcompoundssuchasurea,andisusuallyoxidizedrapidlytonitratebynitrifyingmicroorganismsinsoils.Applicationofnitrogenfertilizersmorethanoptimumlevelsleadstolownitrogenrecoveriesandgreaternitrogenaccumulationinthesoilprofile .Theac… 相似文献
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26.
Jehan Shah Ullah Ihsan Khan Sardar Muhammad Said Khattak Seema Anjum Khan Tariq 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(31):38545-38558
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study evaluates the characteristics of water along the Swat River, Northern Pakistan. For this purpose, water samples (n = 30) were... 相似文献
27.
The classical approach of assessing sustainability with respect to its three underlying pillars, ecological, economic, and social, is adopted in this paper, with an added emphasis on estimating the simultaneous effects of each pillar on the other two. The paper assesses the impact of policy-driven changes in cultivation practices in five districts in the south-western Indian state of Karnataka. A comparative statics analysis using a simultaneous equations model is developed to capture the stability of each pillar into the future and their concurrent interactive impacts and trade-offs. Ecological and economic impacts of policies favoring organic farming are estimated to be uniformly significant and positive in the study districts. However, the impact on socio-cultural criteria is subjective to the eco-regional context. Cost savings, through producing organic inputs on-farm, maximizes synchrony among the three pillars vis-à-vis sourcing these inputs from the market. With more reliance on organic inputs, better prospects are estimated for small and rain-fed farms compared to large and irrigated farms. 相似文献
28.
Alkindi Khalifa M. Mukherjee Kaustuv Pandey Manish Arora Aman Janizadeh Saeid Pham Quoc Bao Anh Duong Tran Ahmadi Kourosh 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(14):20421-20436
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrate is a major pollutant in groundwater whose main source is municipal wastewater and agricultural activities. In the present study, Bayesian... 相似文献
29.
Coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum L.) plants when exposed to various concentrations of Pb (1-100microM) for 1-7days, exhibited both phytotoxic and tolerance responses. The specific responses were function of concentration and duration. Plants accumulated 1748mugPbg(-1) dw after 7d which reflected its metal accumulation ability, however most of the metal (1222microgg(-1) dw, 70%) was accumulated after 1d exposure only. The toxic effect and oxidative stress caused by Pb were evident by the reduction in biomass and photosynthetic pigments and increase in malondialddehyde (MDA) content and electrical conductivity with increase in metal concentration and exposure duration. Morphological symptoms of senescence phenomena such as chlorosis and fragmentation of leaves were observed after 7d. The metal tolerance and detoxification strategy adopted by the plant was investigated with reference to antioxidant system and synthesis of phytochelatins. Protein and antioxidant enzymes viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.7) ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6) and glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) showed induction at lower concentration and duration followed by decline. All enzymes except GPX showed maximum activity after 1d. An increase in cysteine, non-protein thiols (NP-SH) and glutathione (GSH) content was observed at moderate exposure conditions followed by decline. Phytochelatins (PC(2) and PC(3)) were synthesized to significant levels at 10 and 50microM Pb with concomitant decrease in GSH levels. Thus production of PCs seems important for the detoxification of metal, however it may lead to depletion of GSH and consequently oxidative stress. Results suggest that plants responded positively to moderate Pb concentrations and accumulated high amount of metal. Due to metal accumulation coupled with detoxification potential, the plant appears to have potential for its use as phytoremediator species in aquatic environments having moderate pollution of Pb. 相似文献
30.
This paper presents projections of motor vehicles, oil demand, and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for India through the year 2040. The populations of highway vehicles and two‐wheelers are projected under three different scenarios on the basis of economic growth and average household size in India. The results show that by 2040, the number of highway vehicles in India would be 206‐309 million. The oil demand projections for the Indian transportation sector are based on a set of nine scenarios arising out of three vehicle‐growth and three fuel‐economy scenarios. The combined effects of vehicle‐growth and fuel‐economy scenarios, together with the change in annual vehicle usage, result in a projected demand in 2040 by the transportation sector in India of 404‐719 million metric tons (8.5‐15.1 million barrels per day). The corresponding annual CO2 emissions are projected to be 1.2‐2.2 billion metric tons. 相似文献