利用自动蒸馏仪前处理测定地表水中的挥发酚研究

采用瑞士Buchi K-355型自动蒸馏仪对地表水中的挥发酚进行蒸馏预处理,按照(HJ 503-2009)方法分析样品中的挥发酚含量.考察了蒸汽度和蒸馏时间对蒸馏效率的影响.并将该自动蒸馏仪与传统的玻璃蒸馏装置蒸馏检测后的结果进行对比,两者测定结果一致,无显著性差异.利用自动蒸馏仪预处理地表水样品后进行检测,得到的相对标准偏差为4.33%~8.75%,加标回收率为92%~104%,适用于日常环境地表水的监测工作.     

我校校区大气中SO_2含量的日变化规律及其影响因素的初步探讨

采用“甲醛缓冲液吸收-盐酸副玫瑰苯胺分光光度法”测定了武汉冶金科技大学校区大气中SO_2的含量,绘制出SO_2含量的日变化曲线,并重点考察了时间、地点和车流量诸因素对SO_2含量的影响。结果表明:汽车尾气和街头烧烤摊点是该地SO_2含量的决定因素。     

热成形和热处理对3.5Ni钢力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同厚度3.5Ni低温钢板以不同热成形加热温度和冷却条件成形后的力学性能变化。通过对经历热成形同样加热和冷却条件的母材试板重新进行不同规范的正火和回火,对材料被损坏的性能进行了恢复和提高,为低温钢设备的制造提供了可靠的工艺依据。     

黄、渤海恶劣天气影响船舶安全的风险预估技术初探

在黄渤海船舶类型调查和事故调查的基础上,将船舶航行作为由人-船-环境组成的多因素复杂系统,将气象海况条件作为操船环境因素之一,依据风险决策ALARP准则,调查得到黄海、渤海海区大风浪条件下5 000 t以下货船和客滚轮的不同风险等级标准,具有一定的可操作性。依托精细化的数值预报产品,建立气象保障支持系统,并加工不同船舶的风险预估产品。对实际出现的海难事故进行风险预估,证明了方法的可用性。还需要研究更多船型的风险预估方法和黄海、渤海海区航行船舶的风险区划;已有方法也有待深化。     

微塑料与有毒污染物相互作用及联合毒性作用研究进展

随着塑料产品的广泛应用,微塑料(microplastics,MPs)污染已经成为全球关注的重大环境问题.海洋中的MPs能够与有毒污染物(如有机污染物、重金属和纳米颗粒等)发生相互作用,对海洋生物产生复合效应.因此,MPs与环境中有毒污染物的联合毒性效应越来越引起人们的关注.本文首先概括总结出MPs对海洋生物的毒性效应及致毒机制,包括遮蔽效应、氧化应激、免疫毒性、生殖毒性、遗传毒性、神经毒性和行为毒性等方面:随后分别讨论了MPs和有机污染物、重金属以及人工纳米颗粒的联合毒性效应,从微塑料对污染物的吸附、富集和载体效应着手分析微塑料与污染物之间的相互作用,凝练得出MPs增强或抑制污染物毒性的作用机制,包括微塑料改变污染物的生物可利用性、微塑料改变生物体对污染物的胁迫响应、微塑料与污染物发生交互作用等;最后对微塑料与有毒污染物联合毒作用研究的发展方向进行了展望,建议在未来研究中重点关注环境特征的次生微塑料与有毒污染物相互作用的环境行为和生物效应,特别是通过食物链的传递作用.以期为准确评估和深入理解微塑料的海洋环境和人类健康风险提供理论依据.     

Removal of elemental mercury with Mn/Mo/Ru/Al2O3 membrane catalytic system

In this work, a catalytic membrane using Mn/Mo/Ru/Al₂O₃ as the catalyst was employed to remove elemental mercury (Hg⁰) from flue gas at low temperature. Compared with traditional catalytic oxidation (TCO) mode, Mn/Al₂O₃ membrane catalytic system had much higher removal efficiency of Hg⁰. After the incorporation of Mo and Ru, the production of Cl₂ from the Deacon reaction and the retainability for oxidants over Mn/Al₂O₃ membrane were greatly enhanced. As a result, the oxidization of Hg⁰ over Mn/Al₂O₃ membrane was obviously promoted due to incorporation of Mo and Ru. In the presence of 8 ppmv HCl, the removal efficiency of Hg⁰ by Mn/Mo/Ru/Al₂O₃ membrane reached 95% at 423 K. The influence of NO and SO₂ on Hg⁰ removal were insignificant even if 200 ppmv NO and 1000 ppmv SO₂ were used. Moreover, compared with the TCO mode, the Mn/Mo/Ru/Al₂O₃ membrane catalytic system could remarkably reduce the demanded amount of oxidants for Hg⁰ removal. Therefore, the Mn/Mo/Ru/Al₂O₃ membrane catalytic system may be a promising technology for the control of Hg⁰ emission.     

Genotoxicity study of phenol and o-cresol using the micronucleus test and the comet assay

Phenol and cresols are common toxic environmental pollutants. In this study, the micronucleus assay and the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique have been used to investigate the genotoxic activity of phenol and o-cresol. The result of experiments revealed that phenol and o-cresol were both evident genotoxins, and the genotoxic activity of o-cresol was stronger. In the micronucleus assay, phenol and o-cresol could both cause a significant increase in the micronucleus (MN) frequencies (p?p?p?p?相似文献   

等离子在卷烟厂除异味系统中的应用研究

卷烟厂中存在很多醛,酮有害气体,会大大降低工作环境的质量。针对此问题,提出了在高压直流上叠加高频电压交流脉冲的基础上调节可变电容改变电路阻抗的方法改进等离子体除异味装置。在高频高压脉冲电源下,利用可变电容与交直流叠加技术,产生高频高压快速上升沿的交流脉冲,改变负载回路上的阻抗,比较品质因数不同情况下产生的等离子,满足产生更佳低温等离子体的需求。经仿真实验结果和烟厂异味气体的成分分析表明,利用该方法可以达到除异味的理想效果,使工作环境得到更大更好的改善。     

Integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass — A case study on the Sheyang Straw Power Plants in Jiangsu Province, China

Power generation using straw biomass has quantifiable benefits from an economic, ecological, and sociological perspective in China. The methods used to construct the assessment models of these integrated benefits were the revenue capitalization approach and the discounted-cash-flow approach. The results indicated that a straw power plant with the capacity of 2.50×10⁷W and burning 1.23×10⁵ tons of cotton straw could annually supply 1.40×10⁸ kWh of power. However, it would not be until six years later that these results could be measured. Over the long term, the gross benefits could reach up to 4.63×10⁸ Yuan. Therefore, the total benefits are expected to be 1.18 × 10¹² Yuan if all available straw resources are used to generate power. The policy implication showed that the long-term integrated benefits of power generation by straw biomass outweighed the short-term benefits. This is the main incentive to use straw biomass for power generation in the future.     

Fhhh工程菌株降解PTA废水动力学研究

研究了工程菌株Fhhh降解精对苯二甲酸(PTA)石化废水的动力学.将测得的Fhhh降解废水的6项动力学参数值、废水自然参数值、废水排放标准控制值,输入环境生物技术信息学软件(Ebis)进行计算.结果表明,来源于3种保存方法的Fhhh菌株中,所需反应器的最小体积(V_min)为1309m³,比降解率(q_A)的最高数值为0.0136h^-1,是土著菌YZ1的4倍,高于国内外同类研究的4项数值,低于同类研究的2项数值.结果表明,Fhhh工程菌株具有降解PTA废水的显著优势.