Analysis of the origin of peak aerosol optical depth in springtime over the Gulf of Tonkin

By aggregating MODIS(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) AOD(aerosol optical depth) and OMI(ozone monitoring instrument) UVAI(ultra violet aerosol index)datasets over 2010–2014, it was found that peak aerosol loading in seasonal variation occurred annually in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin(17–23°N, 105–110°E). The vertical structure of the aerosol extinction coefficient retrieved from the spaceborne lidar CALIOP(cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization) showed that the springtime peak AOD could be attributed to an abrupt increase in aerosol loading between altitudes of 2 and 5 km.In contrast, aerosol loading in the low atmosphere(below 1 km) was only half of that in winter. Wind fields in the low and high atmosphere exhibited opposite transportation patterns in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin, implying different sources for each level. By comparing the emission inventory of anthropogenic sources with biomass burning, and analyzing the seasonal variation of the vertical structure of aerosols over the Northern Indo-China Peninsula(NIC), it was concluded that biomass burning emissions contributed to high aerosol loading in spring. The relatively high topography and the high surface temperature in spring made planetary boundary layer height greater than 3 km over NIC. In addition, small-scale cumulus convection frequently occurred, facilitating pollutant rising to over 3 km, which was a height favoring long-range transport. Thus, pollutants emitted from biomass burning over NIC in spring were raised to the high atmosphere, then experienced long-range transport, leading to the increase in aerosol loading at high altitudes over the Gulf of Tonkin during spring.     

滏阳河表层沉积物氮分布特征和界面无机氮扩散通量估算

为了揭示非常规水源补给河流沉积物-水界面氮交换过程及其特点,为非常规水源补给河流富营养化机制提供基础数据.选择典型非常规水源补给河流(滏阳河)为研究对象,分析河流沉积物中氮素空间分布及上覆水-孔隙水氮营养盐垂直分布特征,并估算滏阳河不同区段沉积物-水界面无机氮扩散通量.结果表明,滏阳河整体表层沉积物总氮含量范围在770~10590 mg·kg~(-1)之间,其中有机态氮为氮素的主要存在形式,占总氮比例达84.9%~99.3%.NH3-N为无机氮的主要形态,含量范围为3.23~1135.00 mg·kg~(-1).溶氧量作为影响沉积物-水界面无机氮分布的主要因素.邯郸段硝氮浓度在孔隙水中随深度逐渐升高,孔隙水平均硝态氮浓度达3.54 mg·L~(-1),为上覆水8倍之多.邢台、衡水、沧州段硝氮浓度随深度而逐渐降低;滏阳河下游衡水段和沧州段进入沉积物-水界面后氨氮浓度呈下降趋势.滏阳河上游邯郸段与邢台段沉积物-水界面NH3-N由沉积物向上覆水扩散,扩散通量为48.9~1471.0μmol·m~(-2)·d-1.下游河段部分点位NH3-N表现为上覆水向沉积物中扩散,扩散通量在-932~-456μmol·m~(-2)·d-1之间.非常规水源补给河流在氮营养盐外源得到控制后,仍存在内源释放风险,将会加大河流治理与修复的难度.     

Recent progress of arsenic adsorption on TiO2 in the presence of coexisting ions: A review

Arsenic (As)-contaminated wastewater and groundwater pose a pressing environmental issue and worldwide concern. Adsorption of As using TiO₂ materials, in combination with filtration, introduces a promising technology for the treatment of As-contaminated water. This review presents an overview on the recent progress of the application of TiO₂ for removal of As from wastewater and groundwater. The main focus is on the following three pressing issues that limit the field applications of TiO₂ for As removal: coexisting ions, simulation of breakthrough curves, and regeneration and reuse of spent TiO₂ materials. We first examined how the coexisting ions in water, especially high concentrations of cations in industrial wastewater, affect the efficacy of As removal using the TiO₂ materials. We then discussed As breakthrough curves and the effect of compounded ions on the breakthrough curves. We successfully simulated the breakthrough curves by PHREEQC after integrating the CD-MUSIC model. We further discussed challenges facing the regeneration and reuse of TiO₂ media for practical applications. We offer our perspectives on remaining issues and future research needs.     

煤中汞迁移规律及其形态分布研究

选择典型燃煤锅炉对其汞释放规律、形态分布特征进行了试验,并基于煤、石灰石、粗渣、细灰和烟气中的汞含量,给出了系统的汞平衡结果为104%~124%,可满足锅炉汞平衡要求。采用燃煤电厂汞形态浓度取样测试Ontario Hydro标准方法,给出了烟气中氧化汞、单质汞(Hg~0)的分布。结果表明:所测燃煤烟气汞浓度介于0.46~2.40μg/m~3之间,单质汞(Hg~0)占80%~90%。现有静电除尘器和脱硫设施对汞的排放有控制作用,使烟气总汞排放降低了90.3%~98.7%。     

青岛市大气NO2浓度影响因素的分析及预测研究

利用灰色系统理论的灰色关联度分析法,对影响青岛市大气NO2浓度的影响因子进行定量分析,同时建立了大气NO2浓度的灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,对青岛市大气NO2浓度进行了预测.结果表明,影响青岛市大气NO2浓度的第一位因素是耗煤量,其次是绿化覆盖率,未来五年内青岛市大气NO2浓度呈平稳下降趋势.为今后青岛市制定大气环境规划、防治大气污染提供了科学依据.     

环保工程项目经理管理方法与实践

阐述了项目经理管理的必要性，分析了环保工程的特点。针对环保工程的特殊性，提出项目经理的管理职能，内容和方法，最后，通过工程实例，说明了环保工程项目经理管理的成效。     

改性火山岩生物滤料对微生物吸附实验研究

采用酸处理、铁盐处理和铝盐处理火山岩滤料,并将未处理的和改性的3种滤料分别在30℃、60 rpm/min条件下吸附恶臭假单胞菌野生菌和重组菌,通过测量OD600值的变化,比较它们的吸附效果。结果表明:它们的吸附率随时间延长而增大,3.5 h后对野生菌的吸附率分别为27.70%、34.84%、36.83%和31.69%,对重组菌的吸附率分别为31.65%、37.31%、38.23%和35.25%。3种改性滤料都有较好的吸附效果,每克滤料吸附野生菌菌数分别为0.308×1010个、0.363×1010个、0.372×1010个、0.340×1010个;吸附重组菌菌数分别为,0.704×1010个、0.885×1010个、0.936×1010个、0.805×1010个,其中铁膜滤料吸附效果最好。把微生物吸附在滤料上处理废水,能结合它们处理废水的优势,且可以回收滤料,为研究改性滤料固定化微生物在废水处理中的作用和效果上提供实验依据。     

城市污泥的土地利用与防止重金属污染的研究进展

介绍了目前城市污泥的土地利用的主要方式,评述了近年来国内外城市污泥应用于农业生态系统,草地生态系统,森林生态系统的研究进展。简要介绍了重金属的去处方法,在此基础上,提出了今后研究去除城市污泥中重金属方法的方向。     

Second organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis of α-pinene in the presence of dry submicron ammonium sulfate aerosol

An indoor chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Two sets of α-pinene ozonolysis experiments were conducted in the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed particle: ozone limited experiments and α-pinene limited experiments. The concentration of gas phase and particle phase species was monitored continuously by on-line instruments and recorded automatically by data sampling system. The evolution of size distribution was measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer ...     

基于QAR的民航机队起飞阶段风险仿真方法

为了宏观量化民航客机起飞阶段的风险水平,提升飞机起飞的安全性,基于不确定性信息的模糊性和随机性,建立了基于二维云的蒙特卡洛仿真模型,有效增加飞机起飞阶段风险数据的样本量,通过与标准云的比较确定民航机队起飞阶段的风险特征.采集某航空公司B737-800机队351套QAR数据作为样本,通过对飞机起飞关键操作的分析,选取离地速度、抬头速率、离地仰角3个起飞关键参数作为风险评估指标,运用MATLAB编程处理QAR数据并对模型进行验证,得到3个机队起飞阶段的风险均值.通过风险收敛性分析得出二大队的起飞风险最高,这是因为在起飞阶段二大队的关键操作风险偏高.该方法可应用于航空公司对不同机队起飞阶段风险的动态管理.该仿真模型的样本数据分布更加稳定,解决了风险的随机性和模糊性,有利于航空公司实现飞机运行风险可视化,对飞行员关键操作的针对性训练具有一定的指导意义.