Kohlenoxydvergiftung in geschlossenen Garagen

The Science of Nature -     

邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

采用梯度压力驯化法从河流沉积物中筛选到一株能够以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(Dimethyl Phthalate,DMP)作为碳源和能源生长的菌株,命名为THF-2,对其进行16S r DNA扩增、T/A克隆后测序,菌株THF-2被鉴定为恶臭假单胞菌(Pseudomonas putida)。研究了温度、初始p H值和表面活性剂对菌株THF-2降解DMP的效果,测定了邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)对菌株THF-2生长的影响,进而分析了菌株对不同质量浓度DMP的降解效果。结果表明,菌株在15~20℃对DMP具有良好的降解效果,最适温度为20℃;在p H=4~8范围,随p H值升高,DMP降解率增大,最佳p H值条件为8.0。在最适条件下,经过72h培养,菌株THF-2对质量浓度500 mg/L的DMP降解率达89.5%。不同表面活性剂对THF-2降解DMP的影响存在差异。添加质量分数1%非离子表面活性剂曲拉通X-100和吐温80,对THF-2降解DMP有一定的促进作用,但差异不显著(p0.05);当曲拉通X-100和吐温80添加质量分数为2%和3%时,降解作用受到抑制,降解率与添加量呈显著负相关(r=-0.98,p0.05)。添加离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)会抑制THF-2对DMP降解作用。DMP降解试验表明,当DMP质量浓度为100~500 mg/L时,THF-2对DMP的降解符合一级动力学方程模型,降解半衰期为13.92~27.08 h。因此,菌株THF-2可应用于低温地区及低温条件下DMP的生物处理。     

化工园区企业环境适宜度评价研究初探

本研究在阐明化工园区企业环境适宜度评价研究目的的基础上,根据化工园区的特点,采用层次分析法,构建了由经济、物质消耗、污染物排放、管理、社会、辅助6个领域、24个分项、96个单项评价因子组成的评价指标体系,并在具体的规划环评工作实践中确定了各级评价指标、评价指标计算数学模式以及评价结果综合评级方法,为化工园区企业环境综合整治提供了技术依据。本指标体系基本上涵盖了化工区企业与环境关联的主要方面,可以比较全面、客观地对化工园区企业的环境适宜度作出评判。     

Biodegradability of soil water soluble organic carbon extracted from seven di erent soils

Water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) is considered the most mobile and reactive soil carbon source and its characterization is an important issue for soil ecology study. A biodegradability test was set up to study WSOC extracted from 7 soils di erently managed. WSOC was extracted from soil with water (soil/water ratio of 1:2, W/V) for 30 min, and then tested for biodegradability by a liquid state respirometric test. Result obtained confirmed the finding that WSOC biodegradability depended on the both land use and management practice. These results suggested the biodegradability test as suitable method to characterize WSOC, and provided useful information to soil fertility.     

Physiological responses and detoxific mechanisms to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd in young seedlings of Paulownia fortunei

Paulownia fortunei has been successfully used in the phytoremediation of many Pb/Zn mine tailings. However, seed germination and young seedlings of P. fortunei rarely occurred in these mine tailings. The physiological responses and detoxific mechanisms of P. fortunei young seedling to Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd stress were investigated. The germinated rate, shoot length, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents in leaves of young seedlings had a great reduction under Zn and Cu treatments, but had little decrease under Pb and Cd treatments. The production rate of O₂^•−, H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents significantly increased in response to added Zn and Cu indicating great oxidative stress for young seedlings, but they had no significant change to added Pb and Cd. Young seedlings had effective detoxific mechanism to Pb and Cd, as antioxidant enzymes activities, phytochelatins (PCs-SH) and proline contents increased with increasing rates of added Pb and Cd. However, young seedlings had un-effective detoxific mechanisms to Zn and Cu stress. Results revealed the heavy metals (such as Cu) that present at low concentrations in mine tailings may be major constraint for the survival of young seedlings.     

铜锈环棱螺对镉污染沉积物慢性胁迫的生物标志物响应

沉积物毒性测试是评价水生态系统中沉积物污染生态风险的重要手段.建立合适的毒性测试生物是进行沉积物毒性测试的基本前提.铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)在我国淡水水体中分布广泛,具有重要的生态价值.本研究将实验室培养的铜锈环棱螺暴露于不同含量的镉加标沉积物中28d,以评价该物种在镉污染沉积物慢性胁迫下生物标志物响应的敏感性.结果表明,除了谷胱甘肽(GSH)相对不敏感外,壳长增长率、肝胰脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)、以及肝胰脏和肾脏中的金属硫蛋白(MT)均表现出相对较高的敏感性,可用作重金属污染沉积物慢性胁迫的有效生物标志物.尤其是肝胰脏SOD和CAT可以用作指示低水平镉污染沉积物长期污染胁迫下的敏感生物标志物.此外,该物种的实验室培养和毒性测试操作容易进行,可以考虑将铜锈环棱螺作为我国淡水沉积物毒性评价的候选物种.