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51.
Kumar V Rani S Malik S Trivedi AK Schwabl I Helm B Gwinner E 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2007,94(8):693-696
Daytime light intensity can affect the photoperiodic regulation of the reproductive cycle in birds. The actual way by which
light intensity information is transduced is, however, unknown. We postulate that transduction of the light intensity information
is mediated by changes in the pattern of melatonin secretion. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of high and
low daytime light intensities on the daily melatonin rhythm of Afro-tropical stonechats (Saxicola torquata axillaris) in which seasonal changes in daytime light intensity act as a zeitgeber of the circannual rhythms controlling annual reproduction
and molt. Stonechats were subjected to light conditions simulated as closely as possible to native conditions near the equator.
Photoperiod was held constant at 12.25 h of light and 11.75 h of darkness per day. At intervals of 2.5 to 3.5 weeks, daytime
light intensity was changed from bright (12,000 lux at one and 2,000 lux at the other perch) to dim (1,600 lux at one and
250 lux at the other perch) and back to the original bright light. Daily plasma melatonin profiles showed that they were linked
with changes in daytime light intensity: Nighttime peak and total nocturnal levels were altered when transitions between light
conditions were made, and these changes were significant when light intensity was changed from dim to bright. We suggest that
daytime light intensity could affect seasonal timing via changes in melatonin profiles.
Professor Dr. E. Gwinner died on 07 September 2004. 相似文献
52.
Tao Zhang Qiucheng Li Lili Ding Hongqiang Ren Ke Xu Yonggang Wu Dong Sheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):881-890
Chemical precipitation to form magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is an effective technology for recovering ammonium
nitrogen (NH4
+-N). In the present research, we investigated the thermodynamic modeling of the PHREEQC program for NH4
+-N
recovery to evaluate the effect of reaction factors on MAP precipitation. The case study of NH4
+-N recovery from coking wastewater
was conducted to provide a comparison. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to assist in understanding the relative
significance of reaction factors and the interactive effects of solution conditions. Thermodynamic modeling indicated that the saturation
index (SI) of MAP followed a polynomial function of pH. The SI of MAP increased logarithmically with the Mg2+/NH4
+ molar ratio
(Mg/N) and the initial NH4
+-N concentration (CN), respectively, while it decreased with an increase in Ca2+/NH4
+ and CO3
2??/NH4
+
molar ratios (Ca/N and CO3
2??/N), respectively. The trends for NH4
+-N removal at different pH and Mg/N levels were similar to the
thermodynamic modeling predictions. The RSM analysis indicated that the factors including pH, Mg/N, CN, Ca/N, (Mg/N) (CO3
2??/N),
(pH)2, (Mg/N)2, and (CN)2 were significant. Response surface plots were useful for understanding the interaction effects on NH4
+-N
recovery. 相似文献
53.
Plastics such as polyvinyl chlorides (PVC) are widely used in many indoor constructed environments; however, their unbound chemicals, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (DEHP), can leach into the surrounding environment. This study focused on DEHP's effect on the central nervous system by determining the precise DEHP content in mice brain tissue after exposure to the chemical, to evaluate the specific exposure range. Primary neuronal-astrocyte co-culture systems were used as in vitro models for chemical hazard identification of DEHP. Oxidative stress was hypothesized as a probable mechanism involved, and therefore the total reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration was determined as a biomarker of oxidative stress. In addition, NeuriteTracer, a neurite tracing plugin with ImageJ, was used to develop an assay for neurotoxicity to provide quantitative measurements of neurological parameters, such as neuronal number, neuron count and neurite length, all of which could indicate neurotoxic effects. The results showed that with 1 nmol/L DEHP exposure, there was a significant increase in ROS concentrations, indicating that the neuronal-astrocyte cultures were injured due to exposure to DEHP. In response, astrocyte proliferation (gliosis) was initiated, serving as a mechanism to maintain a homeostatic environment for neurons and protect neurons from toxic chemicals. There is a need to assess the cumulative effects of DEHP in animals to evaluate the possible uotake and effects on the human neuronal system from exoosure to DEHP in the indoor environment. 相似文献
54.
针对低温低浊水出水浊度不达标的问题进行了絮凝试验研究。结果表明,投加混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)或聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC),剩余浊度、剩余CODMn均有所降低,继续加大投药量,浊度反而升高。进一步试验表明:在PAFC用量为12 mg/L,改性活化硅酸用量为0.12 mg/L条件下,剩余浊度、剩余CODMn分别达到0.21 mg/L和0.64 mg/L。改性活化硅酸的投加时间对混凝效果有一定的影响,混凝开始后330s投加改性活化硅酸可以提高混凝效果。 相似文献
55.
探讨了在不同矿物投加量、不同振荡时间、不同Pb2 浓度、不同矿物颗粒细度和不同pH条件下,钠基膨润土、膨胀蛭石和沸石3种粘土矿物对Pb2 的吸附效果.结果表明:对于具有可膨胀层间的粘土矿物而言,其对溶液中Pb2 的吸附量不仅仅由单一的阳离子交换量所决定;Pb2 在矿物表面的吸附过程是个迅速的过程,矿物对Pb2 的吸附在10 min内即可完成;粘土矿物不同颗粒细度对Pb2 的去除率有所不同,但考虑到实际应用中的成本问题,并非颗粒越细越好;就试验所采用的3种粘土矿物而言,其对Pb2 的吸附效果是,钠基膨润土和沸石明显优于膨胀蛭石;较高的pH有助于粘土矿物对溶液中Pb2 的吸附,但考虑到实际操作的其他因素,不能把pH调得过高. 相似文献
56.
选取某城市L型综合管廊电缆舱为研究对象,采用FDS数值模拟软件研究了不同火源位置对L型管廊电缆火灾温度纵向衰减规律、烟气浓度分布规律及烟气危害性的影响。研究结果表明,L型廊道构型影响了不同火源位置的管廊电缆火灾最高温度纵向衰减的连续性,基于热边界层理论提出了适用于L型管廊的二维平面最高温度纵向衰减模型。基于峰宽时间计算了L型管廊火灾的烟气总危害性参数,不同火源位置的烟气危害性总在靠近管廊节点位置处最低。这些结果可对综合管廊的消防设计与火灾防控提供参考。 相似文献
57.
58.
吸力式桶形基础多桶组合结构承载力特性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
海洋采油平台结构中一般采用多桶组合基础型式,然而迄今对多桶组合结构尚缺乏理论分析和实验研究。本文针对我国第一座吸力式桶形基础采油平台CB20B,基于单桶基础在复合加载模式下的承载力特性,建立了双桶、四桶组合基础的三维有限元数值计算模型,探讨了对称多桶基础结构与单桶基础结构的承载力特性之间的相互关系,阐述了不同桶间距的多桶组合结构地基破坏机制,为工程设计提供参考依据。 相似文献
59.
Rates of 14C-phenanthrene mineralization in contaminated, undisturbed marine sediments were measured using the whole core injection method to assess microbial natural attenuation activity as a function of sediment depth. Submerged sediments were sampled from Eagle Harbor, a marine superfund site in Puget Sound. Experiments show significant biodegradation activities (0.0012-0.0036 day(-1)) in the sediment horizons from 0 to 10 cm. The purpose and scope of this paper is to evaluate the range of experimental conditions giving valid results; a mathematical simulation described competing contaminant 14C-phenanthrene diffusion and simultaneous biodegradation (Monod kinetics), both retarded by sorption. The effect of aging was examined with two sorption models in presumed pseudo-homogenous sediments having effective properties. The simulation predictions provide quantitative guidelines for the successful use of the whole core injection method. (1) The effective Monod constant KS' in sediment is increased by a large partition coefficient KP between sediment and water and makes the apparent 14C-phenanthrene biodegradation approach first-order kinetics. (2) When KS'>1 mg(-1) l(-1), the measured 14C-phenanthrene biodegradation extent is biased by inadequately distributed injected tracer only when less than 7% of the sediment horizon is initially probed and mixed with injected tracer. (3) A short incubation time (<20 days) is necessary when a mobile indicator, e.g., gaseous 14CO2, is used. For longer incubation times, predictions show that a 14CO2 indicator diffuses to adjacent horizons, thus smearing the depth profile of biodegradation. (4) This method employing a radiolabeled tracer provides accurate biodegradation rates for freshly contaminated sediments, and represents an upper limit to the natural phenanthrene biodegradation extents if the contaminant is aged over 50 days. 相似文献
60.
A simple method for species-selective analysis of organotin compounds (OTCs) (butyl and phenyl) in sediments was developed. The sample preparation procedure was specifically optimised for sulphur-rich sediments to eliminate interferences from elemental sulphur and organosulphur compounds. Tin species were extracted from sediment samples using pressurised liquid extraction technique (PLE), ethylated - with simultaneous extraction to isooctane - in aqueous phase with sodium tetraethylborate (NaBEt(4)) and separated/detected by gas chromatography with flame photometric detection (GC-FPD). PLE operational variables (extraction temperature and pressure, solvent composition and number of static extraction steps) and extract handling routine were fine-tuned to minimise the amount of extracted interferents while keeping OTCs recovery at an acceptable level. Best results were obtained after extraction of sediment samples with methanol/water (75% v/v methanol) solution of acetic acid/sodium acetate with tropolone addition (0.6 g l(-1)). Derivatisation of low temperature, high-pressure (50 degrees C, 13.8 MPa) extracts gives isooctane extracts which are clean enough to be directly analysed by GC-FPD without any further cleanup. Interferences from elemental sulphur were completely eliminated while concentrations of other interferents were reduced to the level not impairing quantitation of OTCs under the study. No negative effects in terms of chromatographic column deterioration were observed after repeated injections of such extracts. Two certified reference materials, BCR646 and PACS-2, were analysed to assess performance of the method. Recoveries of all OTCs under the study, except MBT, were in the range of 91-114%. MBT extraction efficiency was low (34-47%) therefore the method is unsuitable for precise determinations of this compound. 相似文献