通过合理利用促进珍稀濒危植物保护

文章分别以银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)、厚朴(Magnolia officinalis)、红豆杉(Taxus wallichiana)等珍稀濒危物种为例,从正反两方面阐述了采用合理利用手段能对珍稀濒危物种的保护起直接作用.提出应该改变人们竭泽而渔的消费观念;加强珍稀濒危物种的育种与栽培研究,提高产业化程度;加强"致死性"利用物种的替代性研究,减少对野生资源的毁灭性利用;加强立法执法,规范市场;注重产业化过程中的知识产权保护与国家资源流失问题等多个方面着手开展工作,最终达到实现利用与保护的和谐统一.     

Interaction of different forms of graphene with chicken embryo red blood cells

With the rapid development of graphene synthesis and functionalization approaches, graphene and its related derivatives have shown great potential in many applications in material science, including biomedical applications. Several in vitro and in vivo studies clearly showed no definitive risks, while others have indicated that graphene might become health hazards. In this study, we explore the biocompatibility of graphene-related materials with chicken embryo red blood cells (RBC). The hemolysis assay was employed to evaluate the in vitro blood compatibility of reduced graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide, because these materials have recently been used for biomedical applications, including injectable graphene-related particles. This study investigated structural damage, ROS production and hemolysis of chicken embryo red blood cells. Different forms of graphene, when incubated with chicken embryo RBC, were harmful to cell structure and induced hemolysis.     

Does the promotion pressure on local officials matter for regional carbon emissions? Evidence based on provincial-level leaders in China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - This paper constructs data from 30 provinces in mainland China from 1997 to 2016 and mainly adopts panel data fixed effects models to investigate how the...     

广东省药物活性化合物的污染特征及生态风险评价

随着药物活性化合物(PhACs)的大量生产和使用,PhACs已成为环境中的一类新污染物.为了调查PhACs在广东省的污染特征,采集了全广东省21个城市,包括178个乡镇及行政区,共186个污水厂的原始污水.采用全自动固相萃取仪和高效液相色谱-三重四级杆质谱联用仪,分析了污水厂进水中10种典型PhACs的污染水平,全面揭示了PhACs在广东省的空间分布特征,并对PhACs的潜在生态风险进行评价.调查结果表明,全部污水厂均有PhACs检出,各污水厂进水中∑PhACs质量浓度范围为21.00～9 558.25 ng·L^-1,其中美托洛尔、对乙酰氨基酚、苯扎贝特和咖啡因是广东省污水厂进水中的主要污染物.在空间分布上,广东省各区域∑PhACs质量浓度平均值呈现出珠三角>粤北>粤东≈粤西的分布特征.根据污水厂的处理工艺,对∑PhACs质量浓度超过2 500 ng·L^-1的污水厂的出水质量浓度进行估算,并根据估算的出水进行PhACs的生态风险评价.结果表明,广东省PhACs的生态风险较低,苯扎贝特在韶关、江门和深圳呈现出中风险,∑PhACs生态...     

锌锰电池正极材料净化模拟废水中磷的研究

研究利用废旧锌锰电池的阳极材料净化模拟废水中的磷,探讨了净化过程中pH、吸附剂用量、反应时间和磷初始浓度等操作条件对磷净化效果的影响,找出了适宜的操作条件并对净化过程的机理进行了分析。通过试验发现pH对磷净化过程有显著影响,含磷废水净化过程中适宜的pH为8.0;随着吸附剂加入量的增加和初始溶液的降低,磷的净化率逐渐增加。锌锰电池正极材料对水中磷的净化过程速度较快,5 min即可使磷的吸附率达到93.41%。对平衡吸附容量数据进行回归分析发现磷净化过程的吸附等温线可以用Langmuir方程和Freundlich方程表示,Langmuir方程参数Q0为12.41 mg/g,Freundlich方程参数n为2.927,用不同的动力学模型对试验数据进行回归分析发现吸附剂对水中磷的吸附过程符合假二级模型。锌锰电池正极材料可以有效净化废水中的磷。     

Distribution of C/N/P stoichiometry in suspended particulate matter and surface sediment in a bay under serious anthropogenic influence: Daya Bay,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The C/N/P stoichiometry of organic matter can provide useful information for better understanding of the effects of human activities on aquatic...     

Governance models for nature-based solutions: Seventeen cases from Germany

Nature-based solutions (NBS) for mitigating climate change are gaining popularity. The number of NBS is increasing, but research gaps still exist at the governance level. The objectives of this paper are (i) to give an overview of the implemented NBS for flood risk management and mitigation in Germany, (ii) to identify governance models that are applied, and (iii) to explore the differences between these models. The results of a hierarchical clustering procedure and a qualitative analysis show that while no one-size-fits-all governance model exists, polycentricism is an important commonality between the projects. The study concludes by highlighting the need for further research on traditional governance model reconversion and paradigm changes. We expect the findings to identify what has worked in the past, as well as what is important for the implementation of NBS for flood risk management in future projects.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01412-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Recognize fish as food in policy discourse and development funding

The international development community is off-track from meeting targets for alleviating global malnutrition. Meanwhile, there is growing consensus across scientific disciplines that fish plays a crucial role in food and nutrition security. However, this ‘fish as food’ perspective has yet to translate into policy and development funding priorities. We argue that the traditional framing of fish as a natural resource emphasizes economic development and biodiversity conservation objectives, whereas situating fish within a food systems perspective can lead to innovative policies and investments that promote nutrition-sensitive and socially equitable capture fisheries and aquaculture. This paper highlights four pillars of research needs and policy directions toward this end. Ultimately, recognizing and working to enhance the role of fish in alleviating hunger and malnutrition can provide an additional long-term development incentive, beyond revenue generation and biodiversity conservation, for governments, international development organizations, and society more broadly to invest in the sustainability of capture fisheries and aquaculture.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01451-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

平衡施肥与秸秆覆盖对紫色土坡耕地养分及其化学计量的影响

为探究长期平衡施肥和秸秆覆盖对紫色土坡耕地土壤养分及其化学计量比的影响,以垫江县长期农田氮磷流失监测点为研究样地,设置3个处理：常规模式（CK）、平衡施肥模式（M1）和平衡施肥+秸秆覆盖模式（M2）,每个处理各设3个重复,共建立9个小区（长7 m×宽3 m）,并于2018、2019和2020年采集土样,研究不同处理下碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）和钾（K）含量及其化学计量变化特征.结果表明,2018年不同处理之间K含量差异显著,大小顺序为：CK>M2>M1;2019年不同处理之间硝态氮（NO₃^--N）、铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）含量差异显著,表现为：M1>M2>CK;其他养分含量在同一年份不同处理之间差异均不显著.不同年份间各处理的土壤C和N含量差异不显著.2018年各处理中K含量均显著高于其他年份,其中,2018年的CK、M1和M2分别比2019年和2020年高78.26%和98.79%,19.13%和35.4%,54.49%和41.76%.P含量在CK和M2处理中均随着年份增大而减小,且2018年分别比2019年高20.29%和10.67%,比2020年高39.68%和17.33%.各处理不同年份间速效钾（AK）含量无显著差异,而NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N和速效磷（AP）含量差异显著,且均在2020年最高.土壤C ：P、C ：K、N ：P、N ：K和P ：K在不同年份间都表现出显著差异（P<0.05）.土壤C ：K、N ：K和AN ：AP分别于2018年和2019年在不同施肥模式间差异显著（P<0.05）.土壤C与N及P与K之间呈显著的线性正相关;土壤C ：K与C ：P、N ：K、N ：P和P ：K之间,N ：K与C ：P、P ：K和N ：P之间,N ：P与C ：P之间都呈显著的线性正相关;土壤P与C ：K和N ：K之间呈显著的线性负相关.土壤NO₃^--N与NH₄⁺-N、AN ：AP和AN ：AK之间,NH₄⁺-N与AN ：AP和AN ：AK之间,AP与AK和AP ：AK之间,AN ：AP与AN ：AK之间都呈极显著正相关.研究发现平衡施肥+秸秆覆盖是紫色土坡耕地较为适宜的管理模式.