国内外环境风险防范与应急管理体系发展对策研究

随着经济的迅速发展,中国环境污染事件的发生频率也逐步升高,但环境风险防范与应急管理工作仅初显轮廓,很多方面都存在着欠缺与不足.通过介绍美国、欧盟等国外成熟的环境风险防范与应急管理体系的组织构架及管理措施,总结发达国家管理体系的优势和共同特征,并对中国现行的环境风险防范与应急管理体系进行梳理,识别存在问题,从而有针对性的借鉴、学习发达国家管理经验,为中国今后环境风险防范与应急管理体系的发展给出建议.     

Gender in integrated water management: an analysis of variation

Gender is an important variable in water use, policy, and intervention. This article explores this variation and its policy implications. Concepts are applied in several case studies to draw generic conclusions. Variation is related to the purpose of water use (consumptive or productive) and to the local, culture-specific patterns of the intra-household organization of consumption for family welfare (which includes domestic water provision) and income-generation (for which water is an input, especially in rural areas). For domestic water use, the intra-household sharing of unpaid domestic responsibilities is a key gender issue. Water for productive use, on the other hand, is embedded in the gendered organization of household economic activity, as elaborated for smallholder-irrigated agriculture. In female-managed and dual farming systems, where a high proportion of farm decision-makers are women, irrigation agencies need to better target their support. In male-managed farming systems, however, the majority of women lack their own farm enterprise in which water is an input. Women's access to land, markets and credits besides access to water, is at stake. To conclude, given the strong variation in water use along gender lines, gender analysis is indispensable for any concrete water policy and intervention.     

宏转录组学在环境微生物生态学中的应用

系统总结了宏转录组学实验操作及数据分析流程，概述了宏转录组学在环境微生物生态学的研究策略和最新进展，并指出其应用前景.宏转录组学在解析环境微生物群落功能上具有广阔的前景，为了解微生物群落的动态演化及其与环境因素和生态系统功能的关系提供了强有力的工具.     

Process‐orientation versus outcome‐orientation during organizational change: the role of organizational identification

In this paper we argue that organizational identification is predictive of employee interests and concerns during periods of organizational change. More specifically, we assert that organizational identification may largely determine whether employees may be focused upon the change related outcomes (e.g., salary, expenses, etc.), or on the change processes (e.g., procedures, voice and participation options, etc.). Data of both a scenario experiment and a survey are presented indicating that high and low identifiers indeed are differentially interested in process and outcome information. The results suggest that people who identify less with the organization are more likely to be focused upon the change outcomes then on the change process, while people who identify highly (i.e., deep structure) with the organization are more likely to be focused upon the change processes then on the change outcomes. The benefits of awareness of organizational members' level of identification for organizational change management are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

尾矿库渗滤液对地下水环境影响评价研究——以一电解金属锰项目尾矿库为例

金属锰冶炼产生的压滤渣在堆存过程中由于降雨及渣体自带水分产生含高浓度Mn、Cr6+的渗滤液,一旦泄漏,将污染下游地下水。结合具体实例,按照《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》要求,对一尾矿库渗滤液泄漏对下游地下水环境特别是生活水源的影响进行评价,评价结果显示,若发生渗滤液泄漏,将导致下游地下水Mn、Cr6+超标,但不会对生活水井产生直接影响,在此基础上,针对泄漏风险,对尾矿库现有防渗措施进行评价,并进一步提出相应的防范措施。     

森林生物质燃烧烟尘中的有机碳和元素碳

选取10种乔木制备风干树枝、新鲜树枝两种类型的样品,通过自制的生物质燃烧装置模拟阴、明燃两种燃烧方式燃烧制备的树枝样品,采集排放的烟尘,并使用DRI2001A热/光分析仪测定样品中的有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC).结果表明,风干树枝明燃排放烟尘中OC的排放因子(EFOC)、EC的排放因子(EFEC)、PM的排放因子(EFPM)均值分别为6.8、2.1、16.5g·kg-1,阴燃排放烟尘中均值分别为57.5、11.1、130.9 g·kg-1;新鲜树枝明燃排放烟尘中EFOC、EFEC、EFPM均值分别为13.6、3.3、30.5 g·kg-1,阴燃排放烟尘中均值分别为57.6、9.6、125.6 g·kg-1.树枝(风干树枝、新鲜树枝)阴燃时EFOC、EFEC、EFPM均高于明燃时,在明燃(高温度)条件下含水率与树枝燃烧时EFOC、EFEC、EFPM是呈正相关关系.树枝燃烧烟尘中OC、EC、TC(TC=OC+EC)占PM的百分比约为45%、10%、55%,乔木树枝阴燃排放烟尘中OC的质量分数高于明燃,EC的质量分数低于明燃.新鲜树枝排放烟尘中OC的质量分数高于风干树枝,EC的质量分数低于风干树枝.风干树枝明燃条件下OC/EC的均值为3.3(2.5~5.2),阴燃条件下均值为5.2(4.3~6.3);新鲜树枝明燃条件下OC/EC的均值为4.1(3.1~5.3),阴燃条件下均值为6.2(4.2~8.4),乔木树枝阴燃时OC/EC的值高于明燃,含水率高的乔木树枝(新鲜树枝)燃烧排放烟尘中OC/EC的值高于含水率低的树枝(风干树枝).风干树枝燃烧烟尘中OC、EC的相关系数为0.985,新鲜树枝燃烧烟尘中OC、EC的相关系数为0.915,含水率不同的乔木树枝(风干树枝、新鲜树枝)在不同燃烧条件下(明燃、阴燃)排放烟尘中OC与EC都具有良好的相关性.