Photolysis and photooxidation of typical gaseous VOCs by UV Irradiation: Removal performance and mechanisms

UV photodegradation of 27 typical VOCs was systematically investigated. Contribution of photolysis and photooxidation to VOCs removal was identified. Gaseous VOC could be partially converted to particles by 185/254 nm UV irradiation. The mineralization and conversion of 27 VOCs by UV irradiation were reported. Photodegradation by ultraviolet irradiation (UV) is increasingly applied in volatile organic compound (VOC) and odor gas treatments. In this study, 27 typical VOCs, including 11 hydrocarbons and 16 hydrocarbon derivatives, at 150–200 ppm in air and nitrogen gas were treated by a laboratory-scale UV reactor with 185/254 nm irradiation to systematically investigate their removal and conversion by UV irradiation. For the tested 27 VOCs, the VOC removal efficiencies in air were within the range of 13%–97% (with an average of 80%) at a retention time of 53 s, which showed a moderate positive correlation with the molecular weight of the VOCs (R = 0.53). The respective contributions of photolysis and photooxidation to VOC removal were identified for each VOC. According to the CO₂ results, the mineralization rate of the tested VOCs was within the range of 9%–90%, with an average of 41% and were negatively correlated to the molecular weight (R = -0.63). Many of the tested VOCs exhibited high concentration particulate matters in the off-gases with a 3–283 mg/m³ PM₁₀ range and a 2–40 mg/m³ PM_2.5 range. The carbon balance of each VOC during UV irradiation was analyzed based on the VOC, CO₂ and PM₁₀ concentrations. Certain organic intermediates and 23–218 ppm ozone were also identified in the off-gases. Although the UV technique exhibited a high VOC removal efficiency, its drawbacks, specifically low mineralization, particulate matters production, and ozone emission, must be considered prior to its application in VOC gas treatments.     

Moving policy and regulation forward for single-use plastic alternatives

Single-use plastics are often used once or cannot be reused for extended periods. They are widely consumed with the rapid development of social economy. The waste generated by single-use plastics threatens ecosystem health by entering the environment and ultimately restricts sustainable human development. The innovation of sustainable and environmentally friendly single-use plastic alternative materials and the joint participation of governments, enterprises and the public are promising technologies and management approaches that can solve the problem of single-use plastics wastes. The development of single-use plastic alternative products can be promoted fundamentally only by improving relevant legislation and standards, providing differentiated industrial policies, encouraging scientific and technological innovation and expanding public participation.     

微塑料添加对橘园土壤有机碳矿化的影响

为探究微塑料污染对土壤有机碳矿化的影响,采集湖北当阳橘园土壤,进行室内有机碳矿化培养,研究添加微塑料和秸秆条件下土壤有机碳矿化特征及酶活性变化.结果表明,秸秆和微塑料混施显著影响了土壤有机碳矿化,但仅添加微塑料对土壤有机碳矿化无显著影响.与单施秸秆相比,低量微塑料与秸秆混施处理（PP1+S）显著促进了有机碳矿化,有机碳累积矿化量增加了8.20%,而中高量微塑料与秸秆混施处理（PP2+S和PP3+S）显著降低了有机碳累积矿化量,其中,高量微塑料与秸秆混施对土壤有机碳矿化抑制最明显,降低了10.13%.添加微塑料显著降低了β-葡萄糖苷酶活性,高量微塑料添加对酶活性的抑制最显著,与对照相比,在第1、6和35 d分别降低了20.52%、43.93%和17.79%;但是,添加秸秆缓解了微塑料输入对土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制作用.有机碳矿化速率与DOC、MBC含量和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性均呈显著正相关.     

兰州市城市景观生态规划

在兰州市生态建设现状分析的基础上,结合西部大开发发展战略,利用景观生态学的理论和方法,根据兰州市现状条件和河谷带状山地城市的性质,提出了兰州城市景观空间结构规划的基本思路及建议。     

Stakeholder coordination analysis in hazardous waste management: a case study in China

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Hazardous waste management (HWM) in chemical industrial parks is an important issue related to sustainable development. Previous researches...     

动态膜-生物反应器对城市污水的处理

应用动态膜原理,以0.1mm孔径的普通筛网代替固定膜材料构成一体式动态膜-生物反应器(DMBR)处理实际城市污水.HRT＝3.5h时,出水水质良好.DMBR在小于数cm的液位差下自流出水,出水中的SS最高检测值为4.05mg/L,但在多数情况下为0.在MLSS约7000～8000mg/L下,当动态膜通量为14.9L/(m²·h)时,出水水头仅为5.8mm;27d连续运行,出水水头没有明显改变.动态膜对反应器上清液中的COD和TOC的平均去除率分别为28.74%和36.9%.当溶解氧浓度大于2～3mg/L时,氨氮去除率大于96%.     

基于高通量分析的长江干流重庆段重点关注污染物筛选

应用高通量分析方法对长江干流重庆段11个断面水体中的潜在污染物进行了分析,共筛查到230种污染物。结合重庆市化学品生产使用统计结果,应用综合评分法对潜在污染物进行了评分和排序,筛选出33种流域重点关注污染物,包括农药、工业用品(邻苯二甲酸酯类、酚类雌激素、有机溶剂)及个人护理品(抗氧化剂、合成麝香、紫外吸收剂)等。结果表明,基于高通量分析方法和综合评分法可成功识别和筛选流域内重点关注污染物,为流域管理提供科学依据。     

废电池极性材料在硝酸中的溶解条件

废锌锰电池极性材料在一定条件下可以较好地溶解于硝酸中，其液固质量比及H2O2加入量对溶解过程有较大的影响。采用正交实验的方法得出硝酸溶解废旧锌锰电池极性材料的适宜条件为：硝酸浓度6mol／L、液固质量比13．6、H2O2质量分数2．5％、反应温度60℃、反应时间25min。     

华北地区中强地震前调制地震异常特征

利用调制地震方法对华北地区１９７３年以来发生的２４个ＭＬ≥５．５地震前地震调制比、地震调制比异常面积、调制地震条带和调制地震频度的异常变化进行分析,对异常类型进行分类。分析结果认为,华北地区ＭＬ≥５．５地震前地震调制比和异常面积随时间进程的起伏、调制地震频度震前数月的突然增大以及调制地震条带异常图象是显著的异常变化,可以用于对中、强地震的中期预报     

四川黄河流域区生态环境现状、问题及对策

本文根据2001年现场考察与研究获得的信息，结合前人研究的资料，论述了四川黄河流域区生态环境恶化、沼泽退化的状况，其主要表现为：湖沼萎缩，沼泽旱化，沼泽逆向生态演替，区域土地沙化，土壤质量下降，野生动物种类、种群数量减少，草场退化和鼠害猖獗。分析了区域生态环境退化与人类活动干扰、自然因素作用的关系，提出四川黄河流域区生态环境保护的对策与措施。