全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1800篇 |
免费 | 41篇 |
国内免费 | 15篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 62篇 |
废物处理 | 61篇 |
环保管理 | 373篇 |
综合类 | 195篇 |
基础理论 | 503篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 432篇 |
评价与监测 | 109篇 |
社会与环境 | 103篇 |
灾害及防治 | 16篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 22篇 |
2020年 | 23篇 |
2019年 | 20篇 |
2018年 | 46篇 |
2017年 | 33篇 |
2016年 | 73篇 |
2015年 | 53篇 |
2014年 | 55篇 |
2013年 | 167篇 |
2012年 | 62篇 |
2011年 | 110篇 |
2010年 | 67篇 |
2009年 | 77篇 |
2008年 | 81篇 |
2007年 | 88篇 |
2006年 | 72篇 |
2005年 | 65篇 |
2004年 | 53篇 |
2003年 | 57篇 |
2002年 | 57篇 |
2001年 | 50篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 20篇 |
1997年 | 20篇 |
1996年 | 22篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 21篇 |
1993年 | 23篇 |
1992年 | 15篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 22篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 26篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 14篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有1856条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
191.
192.
Maarten Bavinck Leo de Klerk Felice van der Plaat Jorik Ravesteijn Dominique Angel Hendrik Arendsen Tom van Dijk Iris de Hoog Ant van Koolwijk Stijn Tuijtel Benjamin Zuurendonk 《Disasters》2015,39(3):592-609
The tsunami that struck the coasts of India on 26 December 2004 resulted in the large‐scale destruction of fisher habitations. The post‐tsunami rehabilitation effort in Tamil Nadu was directed towards relocating fisher settlements in the interior. This paper discusses the outcomes of a study on the social effects of relocation in a sample of nine communities along the Coromandel Coast. It concludes that, although the participation of fishing communities in house design and in allocation procedures has been limited, many fisher households are satisfied with the quality of the facilities. The distance of the new settlements to the shore, however, is regarded as an impediment to engaging in the fishing profession, and many fishers are actually moving back to their old locations. This raises questions as to the direction of coastal zone policy in India, as well as to the weight accorded to safety (and other coastal development interests) vis‐à‐vis the livelihood needs of fishers. 相似文献
193.
In the past decade Australia has experienced a series of large‐scale, severe natural disasters including catastrophic bushfires, widespread and repeated flooding, and intense storms and cyclones. There appears to be a prima facie case for rebuilding damaged infrastructure to a more disaster resilient (that is, to ‘betterment’) standard. The purpose of this paper is to develop and illustrate a consistent and readily applied method for advancing proposals for the betterment of essential public assets, which can be used by governments at all levels to determine the net benefits of such proposals. Case study results demonstrate that betterment investments have the potential to deliver a positive economic return across a range of asset types and regions. Results, however, are highly sensitive to underlying assumptions; in particular the probability of the natural disaster affecting the infrastructure in the absence of betterment. 相似文献
194.
The role of natural disaster in individual and relational adjustment in Sri Lankan mothers following the 2004 tsunami 下载免费PDF全文
Alyssa Banford David C. Ivey Thulitha Wickrama Judith Fischer Anne Prouty Douglas Smith 《Disasters》2016,40(1):134-157
The purpose of this study is to examine the associations between maternal mental health distress symptoms, including depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder, the extent to which the presence of a child's disaster‐related physical health problem(s) have interfered with daily functioning, and family cohesion over time among Sri Lankan mothers who survived the tsunami on 26 December 2004. Study variables were measured using a self‐report questionnaire administered approximately four months after the event and three years later in summer 2008. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted. Path analysis was employed to assess the relationships between the key variables over time and the correlations in the study variables at each time point. Among other findings, the results of the path analysis indicated that post‐traumatic stress symptom distress four months after the disaster significantly predicted variance in family cohesion three years later. Clinical and empirical research implications are presented and discussed. 相似文献
195.
Current political conditions, primarily budgetary uncertainty, and the related reluctance to make funding commitments for
future generations, have raised questions about the costs of conservation and environmental protection that have not previously
been asked. As Federal investments are scrutinized and budgets become ever more constrained, the costs associated with environmental
requirements could begin to be of greater importance and to influence decisions on Federal projects. In response to concerns
about the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) spending under the Endangered Species Act (P.L. 93-205) (ESA), a limited investigation
was performed to determine the accuracy of reported Corps expenditures. The investigation showed that, for particular groups
of species, actual conservation costs for threatened and endangered species may be twice the amounts previously reported in
the annual ESA expenditure reporting to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In light of this finding, the Corps has sought
a means to provide more accurate and consistent reporting of expenditures for addressing threatened and endangered species.
A Species Costs Template (template) has been developed to identify the types and magnitude of costs related to the ESA and
to counteract the impediments (legal, institutional, and practical) to underreporting costs. The template will be used by
the Corps for reporting ESA costs beginning with Fiscal Year 2005 (FY05) (reported in January 2006). Five broad categories
of expenditures (effects determination costs, ESA protection and conservation costs, equipment costs, opportunity costs, and
other species costs) are identified by the template. 相似文献
196.
Daniel J. Bain Erin M. Copeland Marion T. Divers Marijke Hecht Kristina G. Hopkins Justin Hynicka Michael Koryak Mary Kostalos Lisa Brown Emily M. Elliott Joseph Fedor Michele Gregorich Brady Porter Brenda Smith Christopher Tracey Margaret Zak 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(6):1608-1621
Urban stream restoration continues to be used as an ecological management tool, despite uncertainty about the long‐term sustainability and resilience of restored systems. Evaluations of restoration success often focus on specific instream indicators, with limited attention to the wider basin or parallel hydrologic and geomorphic process. A comprehensive understanding of urban stream restoration progress is particularly important for comparisons with nonurban sites as urban streams can provide substantial secondary benefits to urban residents. Here, we utilize a wide range of indicators to retrospectively examine the restoration of Nine Mile Run, a multi‐million dollar stream restoration project in eastern Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania, USA). Examination of available continuous hydrological data illustrates the high cost of failures to incorporate the data into planning and adaptive management. For example, persistent extreme flows drive geomorphic degradation threatening to reverse hydrologic connections created by the restoration and impact the improved instream biotic communities. In addition, human activities associated with restoration efforts suggest a positive feedback as the stream restoration has focused effort on the basin beyond the reach. Ultimately, urban stream restoration remains a potentially useful management tool, but continued improvements in post‐project assessment should include examination of a wider range of indicators. 相似文献
197.
Yun Ouyang Elizabeth A. Wentz Benjamin L. Ruddell Sharon L. Harlan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2014,50(2):448-467
Studies that evaluate determinants of residential water demand typically use data from a single spatial scale. Although household‐scale data are preferred, especially when econometric models are used, researchers may be limited to aggregate data. There is little, if any, empirical analysis to assess whether spatial scale may lead to ecological fallacy problems in residential water use research. Using linear mixed‐effects models, we compare the results for the relationship of single‐family water use with its determinants using data from the household and census tract scales in the city of Phoenix. Model results between the household and census tract scale are similar suggesting the ecological fallacy may not be significant. Common significant determinants on these two spatial scales include household size, household income, house age, pool size, irrigable lot size, precipitation, and temperature. We also use city/town scale data from the Phoenix metropolitan area to parameterize the linear mixed‐effects model. The difference in the parameter estimates of those common variables compared to the first two scales indicates there is spatial heterogeneity in the relationship between single‐family water use and its determinants among cities and towns. The negative relationship between single‐family house density and residential water use suggests that residential water consumption could be reduced through coordination of land use planning and water demand management. 相似文献
198.
In order to take account of the congestion externalities associated with increased use intensity during a given period at a low density recreational resource, it is necessary to determine the effects of alternative use levels on the expected quality of each individual's experience. This paper describes a simulation model for wilderness recreation designed to provide such measures. In order to illustrate the model it is applied to the Spanish Peaks Areas in Montana. 相似文献
199.
200.
Benjamin K. Sovacool 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2007,9(2):187-201
Contrary to claims from American politicians, lobbyists, and oil and gas executives, allowing energy development in the Alaskan
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) will harm the environment, compromise international law, erode the social significance
of wilderness protection, and ultimately fail to␣increase the energy security of the United States. After exploring a brief
history of the ANWR controversy, this piece argues that the operation of oil and gas refineries in ANWR will release discharged
solids, drilling waste, and dirty diesel fuel into the ecosystem’s food-chain, as they have from oil operations in Prudhoe
Bay. Less obvious but equally important, oil and gas exploration in ANWR will violate a number of international treaties on
biodiversity protection. In the end, development in ANWR will threaten the concept of wilderness protection, and will do little
to end US dependence on foreign sources of energy.
About the Author: Benjamin K. Sovacool is a doctoral candidate in the Department of Science and Technology Studies at the Virginia Polytechnic
Institute & State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. He works as a research analyst for the Consortium on Energy Restructuring
and is a Senior Research Fellow for the Virginia Center for Coal and Energy Research. He also just completed a Graduate Fellowship
in Energy Policy at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to: BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献