矿井瓦斯涌出量预测的GM(1,1)模型研究

矿井瓦斯渗出量预测,对矿井安全及正常生产至关重要。由于矿井瓦斯涌出量的影响因索、关联变量和约束条件复杂,对各因素之间的影响程度难以区分和把握,因此在预测预报中的精度较差。而采用灰色理论则具有高度的概括性,可以把各种不确定的因素,统一用一个简单的“灰数”表示,预测精度高而且使用简单。在分析某矿历年来相对瓦斯涌出量的基础上,应用灰色系统理论对其瓦斯涌出量进行了预测,其方法与结果对预防煤矿恶性事故的发生,悍证煤矿的安全生产具有重要意义。     

能量生态学在农业生态系统研究中的应用──胜利油田生态农场能量流分析

本文以能量生态学原理为指导，应用投入产出法对胜利油田生态农场系统内能量流动及能量利用效率进行了计算分析，从中发现了系统生产的薄弱环节和在能量利用方面的问题，并提出了调整系统内部产业结构和能量投入结构的措施，为今后系统生产力及能量转化效率的提高，提供了科学依据。     

北京市大兴县留民营村的庭院经济系统

采用典型定点法调查农户庭院经济系统，并对其进行能流和经济效益分析。结果表明，菜－鸡－猪－沼气结构的庭院经济系统能获得较好的效益。     

Characteristics of Environmental Geochemistry in the Arseniasis Area of the Inner Mongolia of China

In China, endemic arseniasis attributable to the geological-geochemistry environment is mainly found in the plain of the Great Bend of the Yellow River and the Hu-Bao plain in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the Datong basin of Shanxi Province, the floodplain of the northern side of the Tian Mountain of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and in the southwest coastal plain of Taiwan. These areas share many similar characteristics including widespread occurrences, a large population being affected, and the magnitude of risk involved. The population living in these areas is estimated to be around 5.5 × 10⁵, of which of 2.5 × 10⁵ are resident in Inner Mongolia. Based on our systematic research and comparison of various areas, we found the different types of arseniasis are often associated with different regions. The neural arseniasis is distributed in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Shanxi Province, caused by inorganic arsenic in drinking water while the cycling-obstacle arseniasis is mainly found in Inner Mongolia and Taiwan, associated with organic arsenic in water. The distribution of arsenic affected villages in Inner Mongolia exhibits orientation and focus on low-lying land in the subsiding centre of the Great Bend basin, which was enriched with humus in the lake and limnetic deposits. Much CH₄ gas can be detected in the water of shallow and deep wells in these villages. Some of the wells with higher concentrations of CH₄ can even be ignited. This is a typical reductive geochemical environment. We tested the total amount of arsenic (As), As³⁺, and methyl arsenate in all types of water sources. It is found that the number of arseniasis cases is not clearly related to the total amount of arsenic (As) in the water. However, it is related to the ratio of As³⁺ plus methyl arsenic to the total amount of arsenic (As). The higher the ratio, the higher the number of people affected and the more serious the illness. The statistical results also indicate that good drinking water accounts for 60% of the drinking water source while the arsenic contaminated water makes up about 25% of the drinking water in the study area. This research reveals that the local geochemical environment is responsible for the spreading of the endemic arseniasis in the area and thus suggests a new direction of how to prevent such disease.     

清洁能源实施效果评价

2001年11月启动的中国国家"十五"攻关重大专项"清洁能源行动"涉及17个试点示范城市,经过3年多的探索与实施,取得了明显成效.着重从污染物排放、空气质量、清洁能源消费、人均能耗和万元产值能耗等环境效益方面对清洁能源实施效果进行科学评价,为推广试点示范城市的先进经验和城市可持续发展提供依据.     

济南地下水资源系统多目标管理模型及模糊带权方法

根据济南地下水资源系统管理研究,建立了济南地下水资源系统多目标管理模型;利用模糊数学理论,提出一种模糊带权方法,它能同时解决互为矛盾、互为竞争的各目标之间的不可比性和主次性问题。实际计算表明,本文建立的多目标管理模型和提出的方法是合理的和有效的。     

生物反硝化计量学关系研究

提出了在生物反硝化中可利用有机物与硝酸盐氮消耗量的比值（△COD／△N）建立反硝化计量方程式，以及计算出实际污泥产率{γHdbs=0.614R－1.755[g（VSS）／g（N）]}与最佳碳氮比投加值。分别以葡萄糖与甲醇为电子供体，硝酸盐为电子受体。在上流式反硝化颗粒污泥床内进行实验验证。结果表明，计算值与实测值非常一致。证明该计算方法准确、可行。     

气相色谱在我国大气污染物监测中的应用

阐述了气相色谱法在我国大气有机物监测中所取得的成果。重点介绍了在监测大气中多环芳烃,氯化二苯并二(口恶)(口英)和氯化二苯并呋哺,碳氢化合物、苯系物、硝基苯、苯胺、恶臭、有机硫化物、农药、酚类、有机酸、肼和偏二甲肼、丙烯腈、卤代烃、多氯联苯等物质中的应用。     

北京地区大气飘尘中检出潜在致癌物——硝基多环芳烃

用两种方法(GC-MS法和还原-HPLC-荧光法)首次从北京大气飘尘中检出了数种硝基多环芳烃。虽然它们的含量低,但是由于其中例如1-硝基芘和3-硝基萤蒽系已知的动物致癌物,因此它们在环境中的存在值得注意。     

环保政务公开中监测信息的应用

环保政务公开中 ,环境监测信息的应用阐述了作者的基本看法。文中给出了信息系统的框架 ,监测信息共享的现实意义 ,信息共享的立法规范问题。