超声技术降解酸性红B废水

以酸性红Ｂ染料模拟废水为对象,考察了废水浓度、ｐＨ、超声时间、ＮａＣｌ投加量及曝气等因素对其超声降解效率的影响．实验结果表明：酸性红Ｂ降解率与超声时间基本上成线性关系;初始浓度高,降解率大;ｐＨ值增大,降解率减小;当溶液中ＮａＣｌ投加量从０ 增加到１ｇ／Ｌ,降解率从４３％ 增加到近９０％ ;再增加溶液中ＮａＣｌ的浓度,对其降解率影响不大;水浴温度升高,酸性红Ｂ降解率增大;曝气及Ｈ₂Ｏ₂ 投加量对其降解率的影响不大．     

NiB2O4 (B = Mn or Co) catalysts for NH3-SCR of NOx at low-temperature in microwave field

● Microwave-assisted catalytic NH₃-SCR reaction over spinel oxides is carried out. ● SCR reaction temperature is tremendously lowered in microwave field. ● NO conversion of NiMn₂O₄ is highly up to 90.6% at 70°C under microwave heating. Microwave-assisted selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) was investigated over Ni-based metal oxides. The NiMn₂O₄ and NiCo₂O₄ catalysts were synthesized by the co-precipitation method and their activities were evaluated as potential candidate catalysts for low-temperature NH₃-SCR in a microwave field. The physicochemical properties and structures of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), N₂-physisorption, NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field, H₂-temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and NH₃-temperature programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD). The results verified that microwave radiation reduced the reaction temperature required for NH₃-SCR compared to conventional heating, which needed less energy. For the NiMn₂O₄ catalyst, the catalytic efficiency exceeded 90% at 70 °C and reached 96.8% at 110 °C in the microwave field. Meanwhile, the NiMn₂O₄ also exhibited excellent low-temperature NH₃-SCR reaction performance under conventional heating conditions, which is due to the high BET specific surface area, more suitable redox property, good NO adsorption-desorption in the microwave field and rich acidic sites.     

含氯苯废水的超声降解研究

以氯苯模拟废水为考察对象,研究其浓度、pH、超声时间等因素对氯苯超声降解效率的影响。实验结果表明：超声反应时间小于5min,氯苯降解率很低;5－20min,氯苯降解率成线性增大;超过20min后,氯苯降解率增大缓慢。pH值的增大,氯苯降解率略有减小。水浴温度提高,氯苯降解率增大。反应时间小于15min,初始浓度低的溶液,降解率增加较快,反应时间大于15min,初始浓度高的溶液,降解率增加较快。     

水生植物化感作用应急处置海洋赤潮和淡水水华

近年来,植物化感作用逐渐成为控制藻类暴发的一种新技术。根据国内外的研究成果,着重从水生植物化感作用、化感抑藻物质、应急处置藻类方法、海洋赤潮和淡水水华的应急处置及机理进行评述,并对该技术今后的发展予以展望。     

泥火山探秘

地球上的泥火山大约共有900多座,至少400多个分布于南里海盆地,其中220个在陆地,170多个在海洋。世界上比较著名的泥火山主要分布在美国的黄石公园、伊朗的马克兰、罗马尼亚的布扎等,     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils in the vicinity of Nanjing, China

The occurrence and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in vegetable soils from five vegetable fields (including: Liuhe, Xixia, Pukou, Jianye and Yuhua districts) in Nanjing outskirt were investigated with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with fluorescence detector. The total concentrations of 15 priority PAHs in 126 soil samples ranged from 21.91 to 533.84ngg(-1) dry weight, and the sum of seven carcinogenic PAHs concentrations varied from 1.48 to 236.19ngg(-1) dry weight. Statistical analysis of the PAHs concentrations showed that the highest PAHs concentration was observed in Liuhe, and the lowest PAHs concentrations were found in Xixia among the five districts. The ratios of fluoranthene to sum of fluoranthene and pyrene concentrations (Flt/(Flt+Pyr)) were more than 0.5 in 99% of vegetable soil samples, showing that the PAHs in soils were generally derived from straw and coal combustion sources. The results from principal component analysis (PCA) further indicated that extensive combustion activities affected the PAHs distribution in Nanjing vegetable soils.     

CAS-BT复合反应器同步脱氮除磷试验研究

在CAST反应器中引入自制悬浮填料,构成了CAS-BT复合反应器,采用人工配制废水,对其同步脱氮除磷效果进行了试验研究.试验结果表明,当TN为178.05 mg/L、TP为28.32 mg/L时,CAS-BT工艺取得了很好的同步脱氮除磷效果,TN和TP的去除率分别达到97.55%和98.10%.进行同步脱氮除磷时,CAS-BT比其他的水处理工艺更具优势.     

Particulate Air Pollution in Mexico City: A Collaborative Research Project

ABSTRACT

PM₁₀, PM₂₅, precursor gas, and upper-air meteorological measurements were taken in Mexico City, Mexico, from February 23 to March 22, 1997, to understand concentrations and chemical compositions of the city's particulate matter (PM). Average 24-hr PM₁₀ concentrations over the period of study at the core sites in the city were 75 H g/m³. The 24-hr standard of 150 μ g/m³ was exceeded for seven samples taken during the study period; the maximum 24-hr concentration measured was 542 μ g/m³. Nearly half of the PM₁₀ was composed of fugitive dust from roadways, construction, and bare land. About 50% of the PM₁₀ consisted of PM_2.5, with higher percentages during the morning hours. Organic and black carbon constituted up to half of the PM_2.5. PM concentrations were highest during the early morning and after sunset, when the mixed layers were shallow. Meteorological measurements taken during the field campaign show that on most days air was transported out of the Mexico City basin during the afternoon with little day-to-day carryover.     

Insights into low fish mercury bioaccumulation in a mercury-contaminated reservoir, Guizhou, China

We examined Hg biogeochemistry in Baihua Reservoir, a system affected by industrial wastewater containing mercury (Hg). As expected, we found high levels of total Hg (THg, 664-7421 ng g(-1)) and monomethylmercury (MMHg, 3-21 ng g(-1)) in the surface sediments (0-10 cm). In the water column, both THg and MMHg showed strong vertical variations with higher concentrations in the anoxic layer (>4m) than in the oxic layer (0-4 m), which was most pronounced for the dissolved MMHg (p < 0.001). However, mercury levels in biota samples (mostly cyprinid fish) were one order of magnitude lower than common regulatory values (i.e. 0.3-0.5 mg kg(-1)) for human consumption. We identified three main reasons to explain the low fish Hg bioaccumulation: disconnection of the aquatic food web from the high MMHg zone, simple food web structures, and biodilution effect at the base of the food chain in this eutrophic reservoir.     

我国PPE市场探析

PPE（个体防护装备）的应用涉及到我国国民经济的许多领域．随着经济建设的快速发展和各级政府对安全防护工作的高度重视与资金投入．以及企事业单位对安全防护尤其对个体防护的意识普遍增强．对PPE的要求也越来越高。促使国内PPE市场需求也随之升温．面对十分看好的市场前景．众多厂商之间的竞争也愈加激烈。