Leaf-air transfer of organochlorine pesticides from three selected vegetables

The leaf-air transfer of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in three kinds of vegetables, namely lettuce, romaine and garlic leaves was investigated. It was found that although the uptake of OCPs by the three selected vegetables was similar under controlled conditions, the depuration varied significantly among chemicals and plant species in terms of elimination rate, final residue of each OCPs, as well as the effect of temperature on the residue of OCPs in the vegetables. The results indicated that neither QCB nor HCB could be trapped tightly by any of the three selected vegetables, in contrast, p,p'-DDT could be retained effectively by all of them; the retainment of alpha-HCH, gamma-HCH, p,p'-DDE, was dependent on the vegetable species, of which the garlic leaf had the biggest ability to trap them. Our work provided insight into the behavior of OCPs in the agroecosystem.     

Behavior and fate of chlorpyrifos introduced into soil-crop systems by irrigation

The effect of chlorpyrifos added in irrigation water to a red soil from Central South China on the growth of wheat and oilseed rape seedlings, together with its uptake, was studied in a pot experiment. Addition of chlorpyrifos (1-10 microg g-1) in a single irrigation with distilled water resulted in absorption of chlorpyrifos by wheat (0.257-4.50 microg g-1) and also oilseed rape seedlings (0.249-2.02 microg g-1) during 20 d of plant growth. An initial concentration of chlorpyrifos in soil that is equivalent to or below 10 microg g-1 did not significantly influence the growth of wheat seedlings. Similarly, an initial concentration equivalent to or below 5 microg g-1 did not significantly influence the growth of oilseed rape seedlings. The degradation rate of chlorpyrifos was 1.4-4.2 times larger in oilseed rape rhizosphere soil than in unvegetated soil. The numbers of bacteria and fungi in oilseed rape rhizosphere soil were 3.18 times and 1.84 times larger, respectively, than those in unvegetated soil. This helps to explain the difference in degradation rates obtained.     

Synthesis evaluation with entire-array-polygon method to ecological economic system of Funing County in Jiangsu Province

Based on the theory of ecological footprint this paper analyzed the ecological economic system in Funing County in the view of demands of economic system to natural resource and supply of ecosystem for natural resources. It was proposed that the concept of ecological deficit (ecological remainder) per ten thousands yuan GDP be used to evaluate development of ecological economic system. With a synthesis appraisement to the ecological economic system using entire-array-polygon method combined with Ulanowicz development ability and with ecological deficit (ecological remainder) per ten thousands yuan GDP, it provids a theoretical base for reconstructing and managing of demonstration eco-region.     

关于O3和PM2.5协同控制的一些思考

细颗粒物(PM_2.5)和臭氧(O₃)是影响我国环境空气质量持续改善的两个关键污染物,具有一定的同根同源性,具备协同控制的基础条件。通过对现阶段我国实施O₃和PM_2.5协同控制的政策管理、科学机理、技术措施和能力建设等方面的系统分析,建议从国家层面科学划定O₃联防联控区域,优化区域联防联控机制;摸清O₃关键前体物VOCs和NOx的排放基数,建立VOCs分物种清单;量化协同方案,有序开展污染物、区域、行业多角度协同控制;开展O₃和PM_2.5协同机理研究,强化科学研究的支撑作用;开展VOCs综合治理,提高监管执法能力建设。以期实现O₃和PM_2.5短期削峰,长期达标。     

Dynamism of household carbon emissions (HCEs) from rural and urban regions of northern and southern China

China contributes 23 % of global carbon emissions, of which 26 % originate from the household sector. Due to vast variations in both climatic conditions and the affordability and accessibility of fuels, household carbon emissions (HCEs) differ significantly across China. This study compares HCEs (per person) from urban and rural regions in northern China with their counterparts in southern China. Annual macroeconomic data for the study period 2005 to 2012 were obtained from Chinese government sources, whereas the direct HCEs for different types of fossil fuels were obtained using the IPCC reference approach, and indirect HCEs were calculated by input-output analysis. Results suggest that HCEs from urban areas are higher than those from rural areas. Regardless of the regions, there is a similarity in per person HCEs in urban areas, but the rural areas of northern China had significantly higher HCEs than those from southern China. The reasons for the similarity between urban areas and differences between rural areas and the percentage share of direct and indirect HCEs from different sources are discussed. Similarly, the reasons and solutions to why decarbonising policies are working in urban areas but not in rural areas are discussed.

     

Morphological effect of BiVO4 catalysts on degradation of aqueous paracetamol under visible light irradiation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Morphological effect of bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) on visible light-driven catalytic degradation of aqueous paracetamol was carefully investigated using...     

浮动床膜生物反应器去除焦化废水中间甲酚研究

焦化废水属有毒有害、难降解的高浓度有机废水,其中间甲酚等酚类污染物含量较高且用常用水处理方法去除比较困难。因此,研究了将浮动床生物膜反应器与膜生物反应器进行复合去除焦化废水中间甲酚的影响因素,并与普通MBR反应器在相同间甲酚浓度梯度下的处理功效进行比较。结果表明,在相同间甲酚浓度下,生物浮动床膜生物反应器的处理效果优于普通MBR反应器,其毒阈值为1200 mg/L,普通MBR反应器为1000 mg/L。同时,利用扫描电镜对浮动床膜生物反应器填料上微生物进行观察,考察了间甲酚浓度升高对填料上微生物的影响及附着态微生物形态的变化,得出大型微生物随着间甲酚浓度的提高最后破裂死亡;杆菌种类及数量减少,最后转变成丝状菌;球菌的菌胶团解体,形状变成短杆状。     

焚烧法处理高浓度有机废水

采用焚烧法，利用原有２０吨锅炉，处理２４．１ｔ／ｄ高浓度有机废水。经２年多的运行试验，结果表明，在保证锅炉安全运行条件下，把废水冷直接喷射入锅炉焚烧，能解决废水的处理；该方法投资省，焚烧情况良好灰渣及飞灰含碳量均有所降低，对锅炉出力、效率无显著影响。     

中和混凝与催化氧化法处理高浓度有机废水

以CODCr3000－8000mg/L,色度900－2000倍,pH＜1的难生化降解的有机废水为水样,采用中和混凝沉淀与催化作用为主的组合工艺对其进行处理试验,着重研究了有关的工艺条件与CODCr去除率的关系。结果表明：只要严格控制中和pH及混凝剂投量和催化氧化的药剂投量、氧化pH和时间,可以获得CODCr去除率为95％－96％的良好效果,同时排放水质中pH、SS和色度均达到排放标准。     

浅议我国东部矿区的生态重建技术

分析了引起华东地区矿区生态系统奴化的主要原因，并有针对性地提出了一些生态重建技术。其中包括：煤矸石、粉煤灰充填复垦，疏排法复垦，盐渍化土壤改良、水土流失防治，植被恢复和重建矿井废水治理等技术。这些技术是这一地区矿区生态重建技术体系中的主要技术。