浮动床膜生物反应器去除焦化废水中间甲酚研究

焦化废水属有毒有害、难降解的高浓度有机废水,其中间甲酚等酚类污染物含量较高且用常用水处理方法去除比较困难。因此,研究了将浮动床生物膜反应器与膜生物反应器进行复合去除焦化废水中间甲酚的影响因素,并与普通MBR反应器在相同间甲酚浓度梯度下的处理功效进行比较。结果表明,在相同间甲酚浓度下,生物浮动床膜生物反应器的处理效果优于普通MBR反应器,其毒阈值为1200 mg/L,普通MBR反应器为1000 mg/L。同时,利用扫描电镜对浮动床膜生物反应器填料上微生物进行观察,考察了间甲酚浓度升高对填料上微生物的影响及附着态微生物形态的变化,得出大型微生物随着间甲酚浓度的提高最后破裂死亡;杆菌种类及数量减少,最后转变成丝状菌;球菌的菌胶团解体,形状变成短杆状。     

On the failure of steam-side oxide scales in high temperature components of boilers during unsteady thermal processes

Failure of steam-side oxide scales in high temperature components of boilers such as superheater and reheater tubes has significant effect on the safety of thermal power plants. Taking into account the influence that temperature has on physical properties of metal substrate and oxide scale, transient heat transfer model as well as multi-layered hollow cylinder stress model is successively developed in this work. Employing the Advanced Oxide Scale Failure Diagram (AOSFD) as failure criterion, a systematic analysis model for the failure behavior of steam-side oxide scales in T92 superheater tubes during unsteady thermal processes is established. Focusing on different steam temperature variation processes, the effects of steam-side oxide scale thickness as well as different steam temperature variation modes and variation durations on oxide scale failure issues have been analyzed. Besides, critical steam temperature drops leading to failure of oxide scales when steam temperature decreases linearly have also been investigated. Based on the analysis results, feasible measures such as selecting reasonable steam temperature variation mode and appropriately lengthening variation duration are subsequently proposed. The analysis results as well as the suggested measures in this work can provide valuable guidance for the solution of steam-side oxide scale failure issues in thermal power plants.     

防弹衣的服用发展趋势

目前,防弹衣作为一种重要的防护装备,虽然其防弹性能已经得到了较大的提高,但其对使用者的活动和穿着舒适性有较大的限制和影响。因此,对防弹衣减重和舒适性的研究相当迫切。本文对国内外的防弹衣研究进展情况进行了介绍,并对防弹衣减重及舒适性发展的研究和未来趋势进行了探讨。     

The impact analysis of policy events on China’s carbon market

ABSTRACT

This paper interrogates the impact of policy events on the efficiency of carbon market in China. The analysis covers five piloting emission trading schemes (Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Shenzhen and Hubei), particularly focusing on Guangdong pilot for its weak form efficiency and the richness of policy events. Twenty-five policy events between 2014 and 2016 are categorized into seven groups. The efficiency test indicates that only Guangdong ETS has reached weak form efficiency. After exploring the policy events occurred in Guangdong ETS, it finds that although a clear long-term climate policy has been set up over the country, China’s carbon market still has a conservative risk appetite and its governing institutions still needs further development. The policy makers need to be aware of and avoid the negative impacts of policy events to the market evolvement, by introducing effective consultancy process with the stakeholders and nurturing market expectations in the long run. We also find that events like allowance auctions have considerably less impacts than previously expected and argue that auction approach should be considered a preferable option over a free allocation system in the future policy design.     

The nitritation performance of biofilm reactor for treating domestic wastewater under high dissolved oxygen

The objective of this study was to investigate the nitritation performance in a biofilm reactor for treating domestic wastewater.The reactor was operated in continuous feed mode from phases 1 to 3.The dissolved oxygen(DO)was controlled at 3.5–7 mg/L throughout the experiment.The biofilm reactor showed excellent nitritation performance after the inoculation of nitrifying sludge,with the hydraulic retention time being reduced from 24 to 7 hr.Above 90%nitrite accumulation ratio(NAR)was maintained in phase 1.Afterwards,nitratation occurred with the low NH_4~+–N concentration in the reactor.The improvement of NH_4~+–N concentration to 20–35 mg/L had a limited effect on the recovery of nitritation.However,nitritation recovered rapidly when sequencing batch feed mode was adopted in phase 4,with the effluent NH_4~+-N concentration above 7 mg/L.The improvement of ammonia oxidizing bacteria(AOB)activity and the combined inhibition effect of free ammonia(FA)and free nitrous acid(FNA)on the nitrite oxidizing bacteria(NOB)were two key factors for the rapid recovery of nitritation.Sludge activity was obtained in batch tests.The results of batch tests had a good relationship with the long term operation performance of the biofilm reactor.     

上海市油气回收治理设施长效管理中若干问题的探讨

上海市目前有加油站700余家,分布在全市各个行政区县。数量多、分布广、相隔距离远,给管理带来一定难度。尤其是油品销售企业在对自身的管理中,缺乏针对环保设施的维护、保养制度。对于完成油气回收治理改造的加油站没有制定详细的对油气回收设施进行操作、维护的措施。正因为没有相应的制度,导致部分加油站的油气回收设施在失效的状态下仍然继续运作,挥发的油气得不到有效回收。本文通过针对上述问题进行客观分析,对环保主管部门在管理上提出几点建议。     

中国节能减排的压力与对策

本文分析了我国节能减排的困境与压力,研究提出了推动中国制造到中国设计的转变,实施名牌战略,开征碳转移税,完善指标体系,端正政绩观,全民总动员等节能减排措施。     

原料劣质化对加氢裂装置的影响及对策

分析了劣质化原料对加氢裂化装置生产运行产生的影响,提出了针对性的措施和建议。     

Improved method of ecological footprint – Funing County ecological economic system assessments

This paper improves the ecological footprint method by regulating cropland area with cropping index. The results calculated by the improved method are the area of cropland that human needed, but not of cropping. This study analyzes the ecological supply/demand of Funing County in China with improved ecological footprint method. It suggested that ecological remainder per thousand U.S. dollar GDP is regarded as the indicator of regional sustainable development ability and pointed out that the stockbreeding is the keystone factor that affects the regional ecological footprint.     

地震发生前后民众心理分析及传播作为

通过对地震前后民众心理的探究及案例分析显示,阐明信息传播在防震救灾工作中的重要位置.并试从传播学的角度,将防震救灾工作与新闻传播紧密结合,提出了解决当前地震预报工作与信息发布之间的矛盾与困惑的方法.