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Dynamic Games in the Economics and Management of Pollution 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Steffen Jørgensen Guiomar Martín-Herrán Georges Zaccour 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(6):433-467
The paper provides a survey of the literature which utilizes dynamic state-space games to formulate and analyze intertemporal,
many decision-maker problems in the economics and management of pollution. 相似文献
124.
Katrine Banke Nørgaard Nina Cedergreen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(4):957-967
Background, aim and scope
The ergosterol biosynthesis-inhibiting (EBI) fungicide prochloraz can enhance the effect of other pesticides in a range of animal species. Approximately 50% of the fungicides used in Denmark are EBI fungicides. Hence, if they all have synergising potential, a risk assessment of pesticide mixtures based on additivity might not suffice. This study investigates the synergising potential of six different EBI fungicides representing the imidazoles (prochloraz), the triazoles (epoxiconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole), the piperidines (fenpropidin) and the morpholines (fenpropimorph) together with the pyrethroid insecticide alpha-cypermethrin. 相似文献125.
Carlos Navarro Florentino de Lope Anders Pape Møller 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(8):1161-1168
Homeobox genes regulate development of digits, and it has been suggested that the ratio of length of second to length of fourth
digit reflects such genetic effects in a sex-specific manner. We show that digit ratios in the sexually dichromatic house
sparrow Passer domesticus differ between sexes, with males having higher ratios than females, and that individuals produce consistent ratios on the
two feet. If Homeobox or other genes had pleiotropic effects on development of digits, behavior, and physiology of males and
females, we would expect secondary sexual characters and immunity to be related to digit ratio in a sex-specific manner. The
size of the visible part of the black badge in February (a secondary sexual character), but not total badge size, was positively
correlated with digit ratios, suggesting that males with more male-like digit ratios had larger visible badges. Because of
sex-specific effects of development on secondary sexual characters and immunity, we predicted sex-specific differences in
immune response to be related to digit ratio. House sparrows with large digit ratios had weaker T cell-mediated immune response
than individuals with small digit ratios, particularly in females, implying that females with more male-like digit ratios
had weak immune responses. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early development, as reflected by digit
ratios, and genetics affect the expression of adult characters that are supposedly strongly contributing to fitness. 相似文献
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Results of dyeing male yellow-headed blackbirds solid black: implications for the arbitrary identity badge hypothesis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Territorial male yellow-headed blackbirds that were dyed solid black were similar to controls in their ability to attract mates. They also had no difficulty in defending their territories from floating males. The only remarkable effect of this dramatic color manipulation was that five of the 12 blackened males that regained a territory after being dyed also later took over the better quality territory of another male. Not one of the 11 control males that regained a territory succeeded in such an eviction. This surprising result is interpretable under the theory that conspicuous and distinctive coloration sometimes evolves as an arbitrary recognition badge by making good fighters more memorable to their opponents. With insight gained from these results, we modify and considerably expand the theoretical treatment of this Arbitrary Identity Badge Hypothesis. We also explain why our results for yellow-headed blackbrids should differ so dramatically from those for red-winged blackbirds where blackened males often lost their territories to floating males. 相似文献
128.
Joke Muys Bettina Blaumeiser Yves Jacquemyn Claude Bandelier Nathalie Brison Saskia Bulk Patrizia Chiarappa Winnie Courtens Anne De Leener Marjan De Rademaeker Julie Désir Anne Destrée Koenraad Devriendt Annelies Dheedene Annelies Fieuw Erik Fransen Jean-Stéphane Gatot Philip Holmgren Mauricette Jamar Sandra Janssens Kathelijn Keymolen Damien Lederer Björn Menten Marije Meuwissen Benoit Parmentier Bruno Pichon Sonia Rombout Yves Sznajer Ann Van Den Bogaert Kris Van Den Bogaert Olivier Vanakker Joris Vermeesch Katrien Janssens 《黑龙江环境通报》2018,38(13):1120-1128
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