基于合成孔径雷达的城市建筑地震受损分析

汶川地震灾区位于青藏高原东缘,该地区云雨天气较多,光学遥感受制约较大,而微波能够穿透云、雾、小雨等,且不受太阳光线的影响,雷达遥感具有全天时、全天候的特点,因而可以弥补光学遥感的不足。根据房屋受地震破坏后影响雷达回波强度,在雷达影像上表现为亮度及纹理不同的原理,本论文利用不同分辨率的COSMO-SkyMed和Radarsat等SAR数据,将其与震前的SPOT影像进行配准后,通过纹理分析等处理,对都江堰市区、北川县城曲山镇等受灾较为严重的城镇进行分析解译,利用雷达影像判读出倒塌房屋的信息,以及地震次生山地灾害对城镇的破坏。     

Kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide

For the first time, kinetics of aniline oxidation with chlorine dioxide(ClO2) were investigated systematically by detecting concentration of aniline with HPLC at regular intervals. Results showed that the reaction was first-order both in ClO2 and in aniline, and the oxidation reaction could be described as second-order reaction. Stoichiometric factor η was experimentally determined to be 2.44. The second-order-reaction rate constant k was 0.11L/(mol.s)under condition of pH 6.86 and water temperature(Tw) 287K. Reaction activation energy was 72.31 kJ/mol, indicating that the reaction could take place under usual water treatment conditions. The reaction rate constants in acidic and alkali media were greater than that in neutral medium. Chlorite ion could slightly increase reaction rate in acidic medium. p-aminophenol and azobenzene were detected by GC-MS as intermediates.     

Quantitative risk analysis of toxic gas release caused poisoning—A CFD and dose–response model combined approach

Some major toxic gas release accidents demonstrate the urgent need of a systematic risk analysis method for individuals exposed to toxic gases. A CFD numerical simulation and dose–response model combined approach has been proposed for quantitative analysis of acute toxic gas exposure threats. This method contains four steps: firstly, set up a CFD model and monitor points; secondly, solve CFD equations and predict the real-time concentration field of toxic gas releases and dispersions; thirdly, calculate the toxic dose according to gas concentration and exposure time; lastly, estimate expected fatalities using dose–response model. A case study of hydrogen sulfide releases from a gas gathering station has been carried out using a three dimension FLUENT model. Acute exposure fatalities have been evaluated firstly with a simplified ideal model which assumes workers stay at original exposure location without moving. Then a comparison has been made with a more realistic model which assumes workers start evacuating according to a prearranged course as soon as hydrogen sulfide detection system alarms. These two models represent the worst and best emergency response effects, respectively, and the analysis results demonstrate significant differences. Results indicate that the CFD and dose–response combined approach is a good way for estimating fatalities of individuals exposed to accidental toxic gas releases.     

Flammability of heat transfer fluid aerosols produced by electrospray measured by laser diffraction analysis

Accidental release of pressurized high flash point heat transfer fluids can result in fire and explosion hazard scenarios in the process industry. An experimental investigation on ignition of aerosols of a heat transfer fluid is carried out, and characterization of aerosol and its ignition process by non-intrusive laser diffraction technique is reported. Propagation speed of the aerosol combustion flame front as analyzed from the laser diffraction measurement agrees with high-speed visual camera observation. Flammability of the aerosol, which is based on the chances of the global flame appearance in the aerosol, is mainly controlled by aerosol droplet size and the droplet volume concentration.     

驾驶员注意涣散检测技术研究

通过对注意涣散时驾驶员头部运动及面部表情变化特征的分析,系统实时监测驾驶员眼睛、嘴巴位置和运动状态信息,构建驾驶员注意涣散特征表征参量,实现对驾驶员注意涣散状态信息的检测与提取。驾驶员注意涣散表征量具有复杂的非线性特征,利用BP神经网络非线性识别的优势对驾驶员注意特征进行模式分类,实现驾驶员不同注意涣散状态下的特征捕捉。同时采用Dempster-Shafer证据推理技术,对驾驶注意涣散多源表征信息进行决策融合,实现对驾驶员注意涣散状态的判断。结果表明,BP神经网络与D-S规则多源信息决策融合技术的运用提高了驾驶员注意涣散特征检测的准确性和可靠性。     

风险感知理论模型及影响因子分析

笔者目的在于通过文献凝练,明确风险感知在现代风险评估体系中的重要性,分析风险感知研究中亟需解决的定量化分析等关键问题,并提出相应的解决办法。通过心理测量范式和社会认知模型等经典理论方法的研究,梳理总结出适用于风险感知研究的理论模型;同时,对风险感知影响因子进行了定量化测量并对文化理论进行了探讨。结果表明,情绪因子使得63%的人产生面对风险时的态度波动。其中,愤怒和恐惧是体现最为明显的情绪类型。风险目标因子则直接影响人们对风险等级的判断。文化理论等方法表明,面对风险人们因心理特征和个性差异有不同行为选择并形成4种不同类别的人群。最后得出,风险感知是风险中人群行为决策和风险判断过程的基础,其中情绪因子应为今后相关研究探讨重点。     

基于风险指数RI的选址评价在LNG储备库中的应用

研究基于风险指数RI的选址评价方法,确定评价方法的框架和程序,并将该评价方法用于某拟建LNG储备库的选址.结果表明,沸腾液体扩展蒸气爆炸在拟建LNG储备库可能发生的事故中的后果最严重.以沸腾液体扩展蒸汽爆炸的计算结果为依据,在GIS中对LNG储备库进行缓冲区分析,得到直观显示的事故影响区域和影响对象.计算拟建LNG储备库的选址风险并与可接受风险水平进行比较,确定选址的合理性且适当调整周边布局.研究表明,基于风险指数RI的选址评价方法对合理确定重大工程选址是切实可行的.     

消防服用织物热防护性能测试分析与研究

热防护性能(Thermal protective performance—TPP)是阻燃型服装或织物隔热防护性能重要指标。本文在已研制的一种模拟人体皮肤及体形的高温"圆筒仪"上进行了改进,并用其测试阻燃服装织物的热防护性能。用膜电偶测量模拟皮肤器表面温升率,并结合烧伤积分模型的评价方法来计算达到二级烧伤的防热时间。与其它一维平面测试装置相比,本装置可较为准确评估实际服装热收缩特征对服装热防护性能的影响。     

棉纺织企业火灾成因及消防管理对策研究

棉纺织企业存在大量的易燃可燃物质,火灾危险性大,极易引发火灾事故,且火灾蔓延途径多、燃烧速度快,易造成严重后果。该文根据棉纺织企业生产的特点,从人—机—环境系统的角度,从"人的不安全行为"、"物的不安全状态"和"环境的不安全条件"三个方面分析了棉纺织企业火灾的成因,有针对性从六个方面提出了消防安全管理对策,对提高企业的消防安全管理水平,增强其经济效益和社会效益具有重要的意义。     

分布式防震减灾系统的初步设计

阐述了以分布式地理信息系统(DGIS)软件为开发平台的分布式防震减灾系统的初步设计和系统建设的目的、原则,讨论了系统的软硬件配置,结合某系统实例阐明了分布式防震减灾系统的框架结构以及模块功能组成.指出分布式网络GIS的应用研究已经成为防震减灾系统建设的一个重要发展方向.该思路正在结合具体的城市实施,探索为防震减灾系统的建设提供新的经验.