特异性功能光和细菌克制蓝藻水华——对光合细菌抑制蓝藻生长的探讨

分析了蓝藻水华暴发的条件,详细论述了特异性功能光合细菌在蓝藻水华覆盖面治理、蓝藻水华未暴发前治理、内污染源底泥治理、点面源污水治理方面取得的试验成果,并结合对特异性光合细菌的分解技术路线和使用性能的分析得出结论：EPSB生物制剂完全可靠,不存在二次污染,使用投资省、运行费用低。     

区域规划实施结果评估——以《江苏省沿江开发总体规划》为例

规划评估是确保区域规划有效实施的必要环节,实施结果评估是区域规划实施评估中不可回避的重要一环,对区域规划的有效推进无疑具有现实意义,但是相关研究却极为不足。从区域规划的特征对结果评估的影响出发,试图以完成规划战略意图作为实施结果评估标准为切入点,以《江苏省沿江开发总体规划》为例,构建区域规划实施结果评估的指标体系,进行了实证研究。研究发现,规划在引导产业定位与布局、基础设施建设等方面发挥了积极作用,从而提高了区域竞争力、减小了区域内部差异,总体实施结果良好。但在资源集约利用与生态保护方面却作用较弱,较弱的规划协调利益冲突能力以及实施保障机制是影响规划作用发挥的重要因素。最后,分析了结果评估的局限性并指出下一步研究的方向     

巫山县生态承载力研究

由于三峡工程的开工建设,巫山县大量移民就地后靠,土地所承载的压力剧增,阻碍了巫山县社会经济的可持续发展。利用生态足迹原理和模型对巫山县2005~2010年土地生态承载力进行分析,并运用相关分析、主成分分析等方法将生态足迹指标与传统经济指标相结合,分析了巫山县社会经济的发展对生态足迹的驱动作用,为巫山县的生态建设及可持续发展提供依据及参考。结果表明：巫山县生态足迹呈现逐年增加的趋势,且近几年增加速度明显加快,而生态承载力则基本持平,人均生态赤字由2005年的1336 2 hm2增长至2010年的2194 2 hm2,说明巫山县对自然资源的消费远远超过了区域所能提供的资源供给,阻碍可持续发展。在此基础上本研究以巫山县2005~2010年的生态足迹时间序列作为模型因变量,并根据区域社会经济发展与生态足迹变化的作用机理选择了8个社会经济发展相关指标为自变量,建立多元线性回归模型。模型检验结果令人满意,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析等手段揭示了巫山县社会经济发展指标对人均生态足迹的强烈驱动作用     

长江宜宾江段渔业资源现状调查

于2011年5～7月和10月在长江干流宜宾江段进行了鱼类资源调查。共采集到鱼类62种（亚种）,隶属于4目10科40属,其中19种为长江上游特有鱼类。圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）、瓦氏黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus vachelli）、鲫（Carassius auratus）、长薄鳅（Leptobotia elongate）、中华沙鳅（Botia superciliaris）、南方鲇（Silurus meridionalis）、铜鱼（Coreius heterodon）、鲢（Hypophthalmichthys molitrix）、鲇（Silurus asotus）等为宜宾江段优势种。对主要经济种的体长体重数据进行了分析,结果表明渔获规格较历史数据下降明显,单船日捕捞量亦有减少,长江宜宾段的渔业资源呈现衰退的趋势。作为向家坝蓄水前最后一次对宜宾江段的鱼类群落结构进行分析,研究结果可以为分析向家坝水库蓄水对长江上游鱼类的影响提供数据参考     

基于耕作半径分析的县域农村居民点空间布局优化——以安徽省埇桥区为例

分析了安徽省埇桥区农村居民点与耕地的空间邻接特征和数量结构关系,通过“均等”和“耕聚比”的方法分别求算耕作半径并构造缓冲区,得出两种耕作压力系数的分布,对其进行比较并提出了农村居民点布局优化策略。结果表明：耕地是皖北平原地区影响农村居民点布局的主要因子,基于各乡（镇）统计的耕地与农村居民点面积存在较好的线性相关;基于“耕聚比”的计算模型较好地解决了农村居民点规模因素对耕作半径计算造成的影响;基于“耕聚比”的方法计算的耕作压力分布在评价耕地与农村居民点的分布合理性上更为实用;耕作压力系数分布对农村居民点合理布局具有一定的指导意义,布局调整中应将压力系数高的地区的拆旧和压力系数低的地区的建新相挂钩     

Circular Economy Development Mode Based on System Theory

Abstract

The paper tries to explore circular economy from the viewpoint of the system theory. Circular economy is a kind of complicated economic activity, and it is a wholly new ecotype economy proposed by Western countries after they had summed up many experiences and lessons from traditional economy. It is an entirety and has many layers. It keeps an open and dynamic balance. Because the system theory is the theoretical foundation of circular economy, we should systemically analyze and study circular economy from the macroscopic view, correctly grasp its operational laws, improve its service functions, and realize human beings' sustainable development. The paper introduces the content and general characteristics of the system theory and the idea of circular economy. Then it analyzes circular economy based on the system theory. The paper concludes that the integration of circular economy and the system theory can promote the functions of circular economy.     

A Radio Communication System for Neuronal Signals

Abstract

To collect neuronal activity data from awake, freely behaving animals, we developed miniature telemetry recording system. The integrated system consists of four major components: 1) Microelectrodes and micro-driver assembly, 2) analog front end (AFE), 3) programmable system on chip (PSoC), and 4) radio transceiver and the LabVIEW were used as a platform for the graphic user interface. The result showed the system was able to record and analyze neuronal recordings in freely moving animals and lasted continuously for a time period of a week or more. This is very useful for the study of the interdisciplinary research of neuroscience and information engineering techniques. The circuits and architecture of the devices can be adapted for neurobiology and research with other small animals.     

An International Comparative Analysis on China’s Economic Growth and the Convergence in Energy Intensity Gap and Its Economic Mechanism

Abstract

In this paper, the authors have empirically analyzed the convergence in per capita GDP gap and the convergence in the variation of energy intensity with respect to the change of per capita GDP between China and eight developed countries. Then, the authors run a regression on the impact of decisive factors of economic growth on energy intensity and its change, so as to find out the economic mechanism of energy intensity gap changing with respect to the variation of economic growth. This study concludes that: First, there is a convergence in per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries. With the convergence in per capita GDP gap, the energy intensity gap between China and eight different countries also converge, and the convergence rate of the latter is faster than that of the former, i.e. if the per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries decreases by 1%, the energy intensity gap between them will correspondingly decrease by 1.552%. Second, the energy intensity decreases with the improvement of industrial structure, the rising of energy prices, the advances of technology, and the expansion of investment in fixed assets, and it slightly increases with the increase of FDI. Third, the energy intensity gap between China and eight developed countries narrows with the lessening of the difference in fixed assets investment, energy prices, and technological progress between China and eight developed countries, yet increases with the narrowing of the difference in FDI, and has no significant correlation with the difference in industrial structure. Fourth, the narrowing of difference in per capita GDP between China and the eight developed countries can result in the lessening of energy intensity gap, whose economic mechanism is that the decisive factors, such as difference in investment, technology, and the competition mechanism of prices, which can determine the difference in economic growth, can significantly affect the energy intensity gap.     

宝鸡市夏季不同功能区挥发性有机物污染特征及健康风险评价

关中地区大气臭氧污染近年呈加剧趋势,研究城市不同功能区VOCs污染特征及其健康风险至关重要.夏季在宝鸡市交通区、综合区、工业区和风景区（对照点）设置4个采样点,利用气相色谱-质谱/氢火焰离子检测器联用（GC-MS/FID）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测了115种挥发性有机物（VOCs）,分析了不同功能区的污染特征,通过臭氧生成潜势（OFP）、·OH消耗速率（L_·OH）和二次气溶胶生成潜势（SOAFP）评估其环境影响,并计算毒性VOCs的危害指数（HI）和终生致癌概率（LCR）.结果表明,采样期间交通区、综合区、工业区和风景区的φ（TVOCs）平均值分别为（59.63±23.85）×10^-9、（42.92±11.88）×10^-9、（60.27±24.09）×10^-9和（55.54±7.44）×10^-9,其中交通区烷烃占比最高,其它功能区均为含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）占比最高;不同功能区乙醛、丙酮、正丁烷和异戊烷等均较为丰富.交通区、综合区、工业区和风景区的甲苯与苯比值（T/B）的均值分别为1.84、2.39、1.28和1.64,同时还存在较多低于1的时段,异戊烷与正戊烷比值（i/n）多数集中在1~4之间,表明宝鸡市VOCs受到机动车尾气和油气挥发、生物质和煤燃烧以及工业涂装和铸造等工业源的影响较大.4个功能区的间/对-二甲苯与乙苯的比值（X/E）均低于2,风景区最小为1.79,表明宝鸡市VOCs一定程度上受到区域传输的影响;根据甲醛与乙醛比值（C1/C2）和乙醛与丙醛比值（C2/C3）,表明醛酮类VOCs存在较明显的人为排放源且受到光化学反应的影响.各功能区OFP为：工业区>风景区>交通区>综合区,OVOCs和烯烃贡献大;各功能区L_·OH的范围为8.77~15.82 s^-1,工业区乙醛贡献最大,其它功能区异戊二烯贡献大;各功能区SOAFP为：风景区>综合区>交通区>工业区,甲苯、间/对-二甲苯和异戊二烯为关键物种.根据EPA的健康风险评价方法,各功能区的毒性VOCs的危害指数（HI）均低于1,处于可接受水平,但工业区HI>1的天数占总采样天数的42.86%,存在较大风险;交通区、综合区、工业区和风景区的终生致癌风险（LCR）分别为1.83×10^-5、1.21×10^-5、1.85×10^-5和1.63×10^-5,均处于评价体系的第Ⅲ等级,表明有较大可能的致癌风险,LCR超过10^-6的物种有：甲醛、乙醛、1,2-二溴乙烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷和氯仿.     

淮南煤矿区地表水和地下水水化学特征及控制因素

为厘清淮南矿区地表水和地下水水化学特征和控制因素,采集115组地下水和30组地表水样品,基于数理统计、 Piper三线图、 Gibbs图、矿物稳定场图和离子比例系数等方法,分析了淮南煤矿区地表水和地下水的水文地球化学特征,研究了其水化学特征演变规律.结果表明,淮南煤矿区地下水和地表水呈弱碱性,地表水和地下水中优势阴阳离子为HCO^-₃、 Ca⁺和Na⁺.HCO₃-Ca型和HCO₃-Ca·Na·Mg型为地表水和地下水的主要水化学类型.地下水和地表水的水化学特征主要受岩石风化作用控制,阳离子交替吸附和蒸发对其有一定的促进作用.水岩作用以硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物的溶解为主,碳酸盐岩的溶解制约Ca²⁺、 Mg²⁺和HCO^-₃等离子的变化.地表水和地下水中Cl^-、 SO₄^2-、 NO^-₃