Reversibility of the structure and dewaterability of anaerobic digested sludge

The reversibility of the structure and dewaterability of broken anaerobic digested sludge(ADS)is important to ensure the efficiency of sludge treatment or management processes.This study investigated the effect of continuous strong shear(CSS)and multipulse shear(MPS)on the zeta potential,size(median size,d_(50)),mass fractal dimension(D_F),and capillary suction time(CST)of ADS aggregates.Moreover,the self-regrowth(SR)of broken ADS aggregates during slow mixing was also analyzed.The results show that raw ADS with d_(50) of 56.5μm was insensitive to CSS–SR or MPS–SR,though the size slightly decreased after the breakage phase.For conditioned ADS with d_(50) larger than 600μm,the breakage in small-scale surface erosion changed to large-scale fragmentation as the CSS strength increased.In most cases,after CSS or MPS,the broken ADS had a relatively more compact structure than before and d_(50) is at least 200μm.The CST of the broken fragments from optimally dosed ADS increased,whereas that corresponding to overdosed ADS decreased.MPS treatment resulted in larger and more compact broken ADS fragments with a lower CST value than CSS.During the subsequent slow mixing,the broken ADS aggregates did not recover their charge,size,and dewaterability to the initial values before breakage.In addition,less than 15%self-regrowth in terms of percentage of the regrowth factor was observed in broken ADS after CSS at average velocity gradient no less than 1905.6 sec~(-1).     

哈尔滨市大气主要污染物浓度变化与城市发展因素影响分析研究

采用Daniel趋势检验法对哈尔滨市近年来SO2、NO2和PM10年均浓度变化趋势分析,并对城市总人口与经济、产业结构、民用汽车保有量和能源状况五个城市发展因素进行数据统计分析,用SPSS探究城市发展过程中影响大气污染的因素及相关性.结果表明:浓度变化趋势是SO2明显上升;NO2缓慢上升;PM10整体明显下降,但在2013年点突增至了0.119 mg/m3.SO2与NO2显著相关,相关系数为0.533.经统计,哈尔滨人口经济发展、产业结构调整较为缓慢,全市民用汽车保有量增加并未对NO2浓度影响显著,能源结构依然以煤为主,虽然能源强度提升,但也存在着煤质、散煤的问题.哈尔滨市各城市发展因素与污染物浓度关联度不显著.     

Enhanced electrochemical oxidation of phenol by introducing ferric ions and UV radiation

The mineralization of phenol in aerated electrochemical oxidation has been investigated.The results show that a cathodic Fenton process can occur when the Ti-0.3Mo-0.8Ni alloy material is used as cathode in solution containing ferric or ferrous ions; moreover,the reinforcement of cathodic Fenton process on the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate of phenol is quite distinct.Among the metallic ions investigated,the ferric ion is the best catalyst for the electrochemical mineralization of phenol at initial...     

火工品可靠性(或安全性)评估的Bayes方法

对火工品可靠性（或安全性）评估中通常采用的经典方法进行了剖析。介绍了数理统计方法学中近年来兴起的Ｂａｙｅｓ统计推断方法，并给出了此法在火工品二项分布、正态分布情况下，对可靠度评估的应用实例。     

煤堆自燃原因分析与防治措施

煤氧化自燃既是重大的事故隐患 ,也降低了煤的经济价值。分析了煤堆自燃的原因 ,煤堆易发生自燃的部位 ,并提出防治措施     

富油煤热解产物在粉砂介质中的吸附行为研究

富油煤原位热解产生的油、气等有机物会通过岩层的压裂缝进入含水层,产生一系列环境行为效应.为探究富油煤热解产物对地下水的影响,以陕北榆神府矿区富油煤与含水介质粉砂为研究对象,采用批量平衡试验,开展了粉砂对煤焦油不同组分的吸附动力学与吸附热力学研究.结果表明：粉砂对煤焦油中酚油、萘油、洗油、蒽油、沥青的动力学吸附均符合准二级动力学方程,等温吸附模型符合Freundlich方程,说明粉砂对5种组分的吸附为单分子层化学吸附;受富油煤热解焦油组分含量差异影响,粉砂对5种组分的吸附量表现为酚油<萘油<洗油<蒽油<沥青,其最大吸附量分别为0.4520、0.7926、1.9015、3.6336、11.8001 mg·g^-1,吸附量总和占煤焦油含量的68%~85%;随着温度的升高,粉砂对5种组分的吸附能力均有所减弱,表明升高温度不利于吸附行为的进行,且反应的ΔG⁰<0表明粉砂对5种组分的吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主且属于放热反应.     

Clean and effective removal of Cl(-I) from strongly acidic wastewater by PbO2

Recycling strongly acidic wastewater as diluted H₂SO₄ after contaminants contained being removed was previously proposed, however, Cl(-I), a kind of contaminant contained in strongly acidic wastewater, is difficult to remove, which severely degrades the quality of recycled H₂SO₄. In this study, the removal of Cl(-I) using PbO₂ was investigated and the involved mechanisms were explored. The removal efficiency of Cl(-I) reached 93.38% at 50℃ when PbO₂/Cl(-I) mole ratio reached 2:1. The identification of reaction products shows that Cl(-I) was oxidized to Cl₂, and PbO₂ was reduced to PbSO₄. Cl₂ was absorbed by NaOH to form NaClO, which was used for the regeneration of PbO₂ from the generated PbSO₄. Cl(-I) was removed through two pathways, i.e., surface oxidation and •OH radical oxidation. •OH generated by the reaction of PbO₂ and OH⁻ plays an important role in Cl(-I) removal. The regenerated PbO₂ had excellent performance to remove Cl(-I) after six-time regeneration. This study provided an in-depth understanding on the effective removal of Cl(-I) by the oxidation method.     

焦化行业环境风险案例分析研究

焦化项目生产过程中涉及众多危险物质,存在着诸多环境风险隐患。本文主要从焦化行业特征污染物出发,以外排大气颗粒物及BaP这两种典型的行业特征污染物为例,研究山西某焦化技改项目生产事故中特征污染物的排放给区域带来的环境风险,并提出相关建议。     

大学校园土壤中重金属污染研究

为研究大学校园土壤中重金属污染的状况,在西部某高校校园中选取10个采样点,分别采集了表层和下层土样,分析测定了土样中Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr四种重金属的含量。实验采用了微波消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法对土样进行测定。结果表明待测校园土壤中重金属含量目前处于安全的范围,但大学,尤其是高等科研院校,应妥善处理科研试验过程中产生的污染物,为大学学生提供一个安全的大学校园环境。     

改良型Carrousel氧化沟工艺在重庆某污水处理厂的应用

介绍了重庆某污水处理厂改良型Carrousel氧化沟工艺的构造、原理与主要设计参数,总结了该工艺的低温启动经验。11个月的稳定运行表明,系统在进水BOD5、CODcr、NH3-N、TN和TP浓度分别为67 mg/L～264 mg/L、281 mg/L～902 mg/L、10.1 mg/L～37.8 mg/L、20.4 mg/L～72.7 mg/L和3.1 mg/L～12.3 mg/L条件下,去除率分别达到96.3%～99.1%、90.8%～99.6%、78.2%～99.4%、63.6%～89.9%和80.6%～98.4%,各项出水指标达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002）一级B标准。