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491.
Modelling of dissolved oxygen content using artificial neural networks: Danube River, North Serbia, case study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Davor Antanasijević Viktor Pocajt Dragan Povrenović Aleksandra Perić-Grujić Mirjana Ristić 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(12):9006-9013
The aims of this study are to create an artificial neural network (ANN) model using non-specific water quality parameters and to examine the accuracy of three different ANN architectures: General Regression Neural Network (GRNN), Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), for prediction of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the Danube River. The neural network model has been developed using measured data collected from the Bezdan monitoring station on the Danube River. The input variables used for the ANN model are water flow, temperature, pH and electrical conductivity. The model was trained and validated using available data from 2004 to 2008 and tested using the data from 2009. The order of performance for the created architectures based on their comparison with the test data is RNN > GRNN > BPNN. The ANN results are compared with multiple linear regression (MLR) model using multiple statistical indicators. The comparison of the RNN model with the MLR model indicates that the RNN model performs much better, since all predictions of the RNN model for the test data were within the error of less than ±10 %. In case of the MLR, only 55 % of predictions were within the error of less than ±10 %. The developed RNN model can be used as a tool for the prediction of DO in river waters. 相似文献
492.
Ivana Potočnik Jelena Vukojević Mirjana Stajić Emil Rekanović Svetlana Milijašević Miloš Stepanović 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(8):823-827
Isolates of Cladobotryum dendroides from Serbian mushroom farms and Agaricus bisporus F56 were tested for sensitivity to selected fungicides in vitro. Chlorothalonil was the most toxic fungicide to C. dendroides isolates (EC50 values were below 1.68 mg L? 1). Trifloxystrobin and kresoxim-methyl were not effective in growth inhibition of C. dendroides isolates (EC50 values exceeded 300 mg L? 1). Metalaxyl-M+mancozeb was the most toxic fungicide to strain F56 of A. bisporus, and iprodione the least toxic. The fungicide selectivity indexes for both C. dendroides and A. bisporus indicated that iprodione, chlorothalonil, captan and metalaxyl-M+mancozeb had satisfactory selective fungitoxicity. Iprodione had the best selectivity to both the pathogen and the host, although inferior than prochloraz manganese and carbendazim, fungicides officially recommended for mushroom cultivation in European Union (EU) countries. 相似文献
493.
Prioritisation of organic contaminants in a river basin using chemical analyses and bioassays 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Smital T Terzić S Lončar J Senta I Žaja R Popović M Mikac I Tollefsen KE Thomas KV Ahel M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1384-1395
Region-specific contaminant prioritisation is an important prerequisite for sustainable and cost-effective monitoring due to the high number of different contaminants that may be present. Surface water and sediment samples from the Sava River, Croatia, were collected at four locations covering a 150-km-long river section characterised by well-defined pollution gradients. Analysis of contaminant profiles along the pollution gradients was performed by combining toxicity screening using a battery of small-scale or in vitro bioassays, which covered different modes of action, with detailed chemical characterisation based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). A large number of contaminants, belonging to different toxicant classes, were identified in both analysed matrices. Analyses of water samples showed that contaminants having polar character occurred in the highest concentrations, while in sediments, contributions from both non-polar and amphiphilic contaminants should be taken into account. Estimated contributions of individual contaminant classes to the overall toxicity indicated that, besides the classical pollutants, a number of emerging contaminants, including surfactants, pharmaceuticals, personal care products and plasticizers, should be taken into consideration in future monitoring activities. This work demonstrates the importance of the integrated chemical and bioanalytical approach for a systematic region-specific pollutant prioritisation. Finally, the results presented in this study confirm that hazard assessment in complex environmental matrices should be directed towards identification of key pollutants, rather than focusing on a priori selected contaminants alone. 相似文献
494.
Dragana Todorović Dragana Popović Jelena Ajtić Jelena Nikolić 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):525-532
Leaves of linden (Tilia tomentosa L. and Tilia cordata Mill.) and horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) were analysed as biomonitors of radionuclides in urban air. Samples of soils, leaves and aerosols were collected in Belgrade, Serbia. Activities of 137Cs, 40K, 210Pb and 7Be in the samples were measured on an HPGe detector by standard gamma spectrometry. “Soil-to-leaves” transfer factors were calculated. Student’s t test and linear Pearson correlation coefficients were used for statistical analysis. Differences in local conditions at the sampling sites were not significant, and the mechanisms of the radionuclides’ accumulation in both plant species are similar. Ceasium-137 was detected in some of the leaf samples only. Transfer factors for 137Cs and 40K were (0.03–0.08) and 1.3, respectively. The concentrations of 210Pb and 7Be in leaves were higher in autumn than in spring, and there were some similarities in their seasonal patterns in leaves and in air. Weak to medium correlation was obtained for the 210Pb and 7Be activities in leaves and aerosols. Large positive correlation was obtained for the 210Pb activities in linden leaves and the mean activity in aerosols for the preceding months. Different primary modes of radionuclides accumulation in leaves were observed. Since large positive correlation was obtained for the 210Pb activity in linden leaves and the mean in aerosols for the preceding months, mature linden leaves could be used as biomonitors of recent 210Pb activity in air. 相似文献
495.
Zrinka Dragun Vlatka Filipović Marijić Damir Kapetanović Damir Valić Irena Vardić Smrzlić Nesrete Krasnići Željka Strižak Božidar Kurtović Emin Teskeredžić Biserka Raspor 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4954-4968
The assessment of general condition of fish in the moderately contaminated aquatic environment was performed on the European chub (Squalius cephalus) caught in September 2009 in the Sutla River in Croatia. Although increases of the contaminants in this river (trace and macro elements, bacteria), as well as physico-chemical changes (decreased oxygen saturation, increased conductivity), were still within the environmentally acceptable limits, their concurrent presence in the river water possibly could have induced stress in aquatic organisms. Several biometric parameters, metallothionein (MT), and total cytosolic protein concentrations in chub liver and gills were determined as indicators of chub condition. Microbiological and parasitological analyses were performed with the aim to evaluate chub predisposition for bacterial bioconcentration and parasitic infections. At upstream river sections with decreased oxygen saturation (~50 %), decreased Fulton condition indices were observed (FCI: 0.94 g?cm?3), whereas gonadosomatic (GSI: 2.4 %), hepatosomatic (HSI: 1.31 %), and gill indices (1.3 %) were increased compared to oxygen rich downstream river sections (dissolved oxygen ~90 %; FCI: 1.02 g?cm?3; GSI: 0.6 %; HIS: ~1.08 %; gill index: 1.0 %). Slight increase of MT concentrations in both organs at upstream (gills: 1.67 mg?g?1; liver: 1.63 mg?g?1) compared to downstream sites (gills: 1.56 mg?g?1; liver: 1.23 mg?g?1), could not be explained by induction caused by increased metal levels in the river water, but presumably by physiological changes caused by general stress due to low oxygen saturation. In addition, at the sampling site characterized by inorganic and fecal contamination, increased incidence of bacterial bioconcentration in internal organs (liver, spleen, kidney) was observed, as well as decrease of intestinal parasitic infections, which is a common finding for metal-contaminated waters. Based on our results, it could be concluded that even moderate contamination of river water by multiple contaminants could result in unfavourable living conditions and cause detectable stress for aquatic organisms. 相似文献
496.
Contaminated sediment in the river basin has become a source of pollution with increasing importance to the aquatic ecosystem downstream. To monitor the temporal changes of the sediment bound contaminants in the River Elbe and the River Dommel monthly toxicity tests were applied to layered sediment and river water samples over the course of 10 months. There is an indication that contaminated sediments upstream adversely affected sediments downstream, but this process did not cause a continuous increase of sediment toxicity. A clear decrease of toxic effects in water and upper layer sediment was observed at the River Elbe station in spring related to high water discharge and algal blooms. The less obvious variation of sediment toxicity in the River Dommel could be explained by stable hydrological conditions. Future monitoring programmes should promote a more frequent and intensive sampling regime during these particular events for ecotoxicological evaluation. 相似文献
497.
Comparing domestic versus imported apples: A focus on energy use 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Milà i Canals L Cowell SJ Sim S Basson L 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(5):338-344
GOAL, SCOPE AND BACKGROUND: The issue of whether food miles are a relevant indicator for the environmental impacts associated with foods has received significant attention in recent years. It is suggested here that issues other than the distance travelled need to be considered. The argument is presented by illustrating the case for the provision of apples. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of variability in primary energy requirements for apple cultivation and for other life cycle stages, seasonality (timing of consumption) and loss of produce during storage are studied in this paper, by comparing apples from different supplier countries for consumption in Europe. RESULTS: Data sources for primary energy use (PEU) of apple production are identified ranging from 0.4-3.8 MJ/kg apples for European and Southern American countries and 0.4-0.7 MJ/kg for New Zealand. This variability is related to different yields and producer management practices in the different countries. Storage loss may range from 5% to 40% for storage periods between 4 and 10 months, and this has a significant effect on the results (e.g. increasing the total PEU by 8-16% when stored for 5-9 months in Europe as compared with a no loss and no storage situation). The storage periods and related storage losses change markedly through the year for imported (i.e. non-European) versus European apples. DISCUSSION: The timing of consumption and related storage losses need to be included in the assessment, as this affects the order of preference for locally sourced versus imported apples. The variability in energy requirements in different life cycle stages, but particularly for the fruit production stage, is also significant in this comparative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, it seems that there are similarities in the total PEU ranges for European and New Zealand apples during the Southern Hemisphere's apple season (European spring and summer). However, during the European autumn and winter (Northern Hemisphere apple season) PEU values are generally higher for apples imported from the Southern Hemisphere compared with European apples consumed in Europe. However, this latter observation may not hold true where apples for consumption in one European country are imported from another European country, because energy use for road transportation has a significant influence on the result. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES: Future studies comparing alternative sources of fresh produce need to account for ranges of data for the fruit production and storage stages, which reflect the seasonality of production. 相似文献
498.
Anicić M Frontasyeva MV Tomasević M Popović A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,129(1-3):207-219
This study aimed at assessing atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and other elements using the moss genera Brachythecium sp. (B. rutabulum and B. salebrosum) and Eurhynchium sp. (E. hians and E. striatum) collected in autumn 2004 in the urban area of Belgrade. The concentrations of 36 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti,
V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Mo, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Tb, Dy, Hf, Ta, W, Hg, Th, U) were determined
in moss and local topsoil samples by instrumental neutron activation analysis. The concentration of elements in moss positively
correlated to those obtained for topsoil. High enrichment factors for As, Zn, Mo, Br, Sb, Se, Hg and Cl, calculated to continental
crust composition, gave an evidence for anthropogenic impact on urban area, mainly due to intensive vehicular traffic and
fossil fuel combustion. The concentration of elements in moss, characteristic for fossil fuel combustion, obtained in this
study were substantially lower than in the previous investigation (2000) conducted in the area of Belgrade. The level of concentrations
for V, Cr, Ni, and As in moss from this study correlated to those measured for neighboring countries, and were several times
higher than the base-level data from low polluted areas. The level of accumulated elements in both investigated moss genera
were similar and all studied species could be combined for biomonitoring purposes in urban areas. 相似文献
499.
We have aimed at characterizing top soil samples taken in-situ from five different locations of the unregulated dumping site
in Eskişehir/Turkey for a period of six months. The study is the first attempt in the city and in Turkey, regarding particularly
the SPME (Solid Phase Microextraction Technique) analysis method utilized. A comprehensive research has been conducted to
produce critical soil data to be used for indicating current risks as well as the urgency of rehabilitating the site and establishing
a sanitary landfill in the site. Conventional physicochemical analytical methods and SPME technique were used to analyze the
samples. Physicochemical analyses were performed for determining the pH, total dried matter, volatile matter, total nitrogen,
phosphorus, macro elements and heavy metals. Meteorological data were also recorded for the same period. SPSS.10.0 statistical
program was used to determine the correlation between meteorological data and physicochemical analysis results. Mean values
were used in the correlation analyses. These data indicated that the air temperature and precipitation have significant effects
on soil characteristics. SPME, coupled with GC/MS, was used to identify eighty six volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds
contained in soil samples. The samples were extracted by headspace SPME with heating (δHS-SPME). SPME analyses were conducted
using a commercially available polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber having a film thickness of 65 μm (Supelco)
as a capture medium. The experimentally optimized headspace sampling conditions were arranged (15 min. at 50˚C) before a 30 min. sampling period. 相似文献
500.
Dragović S Onjia A Dragović R Bacić G 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,130(1-3):245-253
Mosses and lichens have an important role in biomonitoring. The objective of this study is to develop a neural network model to classify these plants according to geographical origin. A three-layer feed-forward neural network was used. The activities of radionuclides ((226)Ra, (238)U, (235)U, (40)K, (232)Th, (134)Cs, (137)Cs and (7)Be) detected in plant samples by gamma-ray spectrometry were used as inputs for neural network. Five different training algorithms with different number of samples in training sets were tested and compared, in order to find the one with the minimum root mean square error. The best predictive power for the classification of plants from 12 regions was achieved using a network with 5 hidden layer nodes and 3,000 training epochs, using the online back-propagation randomized training algorithm. Implementation of this model to experimental data resulted in satisfactory classification of moss and lichen samples in terms of their geographical origin. The average classification rate obtained in this study was (90.7 +/- 4.8)%. 相似文献