软弱基底排土场堆载过程中稳定性数值模拟*

针对软弱基底排土场普遍存在稳定性差的问题,在分析了排土场失稳的主要影响因素以及常见的5种失稳模式的基础上,结合胜利东二露天煤矿南排土场南帮边坡工程地质实际,基于强度折减理论,运用大型岩土数值模拟软件FLAC3D对排土场逐水平堆载过程中基底与边坡岩体变形破坏规律及稳定性进行了数值模拟分析,确定了南排土场南帮边坡的破坏模式以及最终排弃高度。结果表明:胜利东二露天矿南排土场边坡变形破坏主要受排弃物料重力影响,随着排弃高度的增加,基底内部第四系弱层最大位移呈线性增加,弱层以下岩土体变形量较小,其滑坡模式为沿基底内部弱层发生的剪切圆弧滑动,可在原设计基础之上继续排弃一个排土台阶高度,提高了排土场的空间利用率,并为类似排土场边坡设计提供借鉴。     

左氧氟沙星废水的生化处理研究

左氧氟沙星作为第三代氟喹诺酮类广谱抗菌药,已在临床上得到了广泛的应用。但是生产该药品所产生的废水为抗生素废水,是一种高色度、有毒难降解的有机废水。通过SBR试验,分析有机物在不同条件下的降解情况,旨在研究其生化处理影响因子,并由此提出处理该类废水所应注意的工艺条件和处理建议。     

陕北焦炭行业中焦炉煤气发电的环境影响研究

介绍了陕北焦炭行业现状,运用环境影响评价的方法研究了陕北焦炭行业中焦炉煤气发电的环境影响,研究表明焦炉煤气发电工程具有较好的环境效益,它可以在全国焦炭行业尤其是小焦化集中区起到示范作用。     

冬季菹草对悬浮泥沙的影响

利用冬季沉水植物菹草构建由浅水到深水的串联系统,含沙水依次流经浅水区和深水区,测定各级菹草对水体悬浮泥沙含量和沉降量的影响.结果显示,菹草系统可以降低水体中悬浮泥沙含量,并随水力停留时间延长而降低程度加大.各运行条件下,菹草系统悬浮泥沙平均沉降量65.7 g·m-2,比对照组高39.4%.菹草表面泥沙的吸附是一个"吸附-沉降-再吸附" 的动态过程,吸附量为3.26～5.69 g·kg-1.菹草对冬季水生态系统的自净功能起着十分重要的作用.     

稻鸭萍共作复合系统的主要生态效应

对稻鸭萍共作体系的主要生态效应研究结果表明,稻鸭萍共作有利于提高土壤肥力,水稻收获后的土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾分别比对照增加7.95%、7.05%、6.47%和4.46%;稻鸭萍共作对杂草的控制效果达到98.94%,明显削弱了稻田优势杂草的发生与危害,稻田残存杂草为数甚少,P ielou均匀度指数显著提高;稻鸭萍共作对稻田飞虱有显著的控制效应,从而明显抑制主要由灰飞虱传毒危害的水稻条纹叶枯病的发病率;稻鸭萍共作虽然对水稻纹枯病也有明显防治效果,但不能阻止纹枯病的发生;由于绿萍吸附了稻田水体中部分有机物、腐殖质等,稻鸭萍共作区水体的化学需氧量比稻鸭共作区降低8.70%。     

Characterizing ionic species in PM2:5 and PM10 in four Pearl River Delta cities, South China

PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)samples were collected at four major cities in the Pearl River Delta(PRD),South China,during winter and summer in 2002.Six water-soluble ions,Na~ ,NH_4~ ,K~ ,Cl~-,NO_3~- and SO_4~(2-)were measured using ion chromatography.On average,ionic species accounted for 53.3% and 40.5% for PM_(2.5)and PM_(10),respectively in winter and 39.4% and 35.2%,respectively in summer. Secondary ions such as sulfate,nitrate and ammonium accounted for the major part of the total ionic species.Sulfate was the most abundant species followed by nitrate.Overall,a regional pollution tendency was shown that there were higher concentrations of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium in Guangzhou City than those in the other PRD cities.Significant seasonal variations were also observed with higher levels of species in winter but lower in summer.The Asian monsoon system was favorable for removal and diffusion of air pollutants in PRD in summer while highly loading of local industrial emissions tended to deteriorate the air quality as well.NO_3~-/SO_4~(2-) ratio indicated that mobile sources have considerably contribution to the urban aerosol,and stationary sources should not be neglected. Besides the primary emissions,complex atmospheric reactions under favorable weather conditions should be paid more attention for the control of primary emission in the PRD region.     

Oxidative stress and DNA damages induced by cadmium accumulation

Experimental evidence shows that cadmium （Cd） could induce oxidative stress and then causes DNA damage in animal cells, however, whether such effect exists in plants is still unclear. In the present study, Vicia faba plants was exposed to 5 and 10 mg/L Cd for 4 d to investigate the distribution of Cd in plant, the metal effects on the cell lipids, antioxidative enzymes and DNA damages in leaves. Cd induced an increase in Cd concentrations in plants. An enhanced level of lipid peroxidation in leaves and an enhanced concentration of H2O2 in root tissues suggested that Cd caused oxidative stress in Vicia faba. Compared with control, Cd-induced enhancement in superoxide dismutase activity was significant at 5 mg/L than at 10 mg/kg in leaves, by contrast, catalase and peroxidaseactivities were significantly suppressed by Cd addition. DNA damage was detected by neutral/neutral, alkaline/neutral and alkaline/alkaline Comet assay. Increased levels of DNA damages induced by Cd occurred with reference to oxidative stress in leaves, therefore, oxidative stress induced by Cd accumulation in plants contributed to DNA damages and was possibly an important mechanism of Cd-phytotoxicity in Vicia faba plants.     

环境-经济系统整合模型的构建研究

环境经济系统整合模型的研究将环境的、经济的、社会的因素整合在可持续发展框架中．模拟、分析经济系统与环境系统之闻的相互作用和反馈关系。本文在分析环境经济系统整合模型构建的背景、理论与方法的基础上．设计了环境经济系统整合模型开发的技术路线．提出了环境经济系统整合模型的主要内容。     

分形理论在三峡水库汛期洪水分期中的应用

水库分期汛限水位控制能在不增加新的防洪风险条件下提高水库的兴利效益,汛期洪水的划分则是分期汛限水位控制的前提.介绍了分形理论及容量维数的计算方法,以三峡水库宜昌站为例,利用传统统计学法和动态分维数法,确定了洪水分期数目,并计算了各分期的容量维数,从而最终确定三峡水库的洪水分期.结果显示,用分形方法划分的三峡水库的汛期洪水和传统研究分期基本一致,但分形理论计算较为客观,进一步表明分形理论在洪水分期中是可行的,值得深入探讨和应用.     

科尔沁沙地生态环境质量综合评价

基于研究区2000年土地利用图形数据、土地沙漠化监测数据、环境状况公报数据以及统计年鉴数据,采用中华人民共和国环境保护行业标准《生态环境状况评价技术规范（试行）》HJ／T192—2006）规定的生态环境状况评价的指标体系和计算方法。从旗、县尺度上对科尔沁沙地的生态环境状况进行综合评价。结果表明：2000年科尔沁沙地各旗县的生物丰度指数为22．01-37．96。植被覆盖指数为25．20～45．86,水网密度指数为22．51—30．97。土地退化指数为1．47—21．06。环境质量指数为57．98～59．84,综合生态环境质量指数为25．28～33．25。根据国家生态环境状况分级标准判断．该区域生态环境状况属于较差级别．意昧着该区域植被疆盖度较差。严重干旱少雨．物种较少。存在着明显限制人类生存的因素。