Cadmium contamination in orchard soils and fruit trees and its potential health risk in Guangzhou, China

This study examines cadmium (Cd) contamination in orchard soils and fruit trees in Guangzhou, China, and assesses its potential health risk. Soils and tissues samples of three species of fruit trees were collected from three orchards. The average soil Cd concentration was 1.27, 1.84 and 0.68 mg/kg in orchards I, II, and III, respectively. The carambola (Averrhoa carambola) accumulated exceptionally high concentrations of Cd (7.57, 10.84, 9.01 and 2.15 mg/kg dw in root, twig, leaf and fruit, respectively), being 6.0-24 times and 4.0-10 times the corresponding tissue Cd in the longan (Dimocarpus longan) and wampee (Clausena lansium), respectively. Furthermore, all Cd concentrations (0.04-0.25 mg Cd/kg fw) of the fruits exceeded the tolerance limit of cadmium in foods of PR China (0.03 mg/kg fw). Our results indicate that the carambola tree has high Cd accumulation capacity and might be a Cd accumulator; and its fruit, among the three species of fruits studied, also poses the highest potential health risk to local residents.     

基于两步优劣解距离法的地下水污染监测网优化

地下水污染监测网的优化能让监测网以合理监测成本获取精确的地下水水质信息.为兼顾监测网空间特征与统计特征,综合考虑区域地下水水质状况和水文地质状况,提出了两步优劣解距离法优化监测网.首先以地下水典型污染物加权综合污染指数和防污性能指数为指标,采用优劣解距离法对现有监测网各监测井评分,并筛选得到不同监测井数量条件下的备选优...     

Pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics in livestock manure and manure-amended soils in Jiangsu province,China

The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution characteristics of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil of livestock farms in Jiangsu province. This investigation employed solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 53 manure and 50 amended soil samples from 16 livestock farms in Jiangsu province were collected for analysis. In the manure samples, the highest detected frequencies and concentrations were those of tetracyclines (TCs, 54.1 ± 5775.6 μgkg^?1), followed by fluoroquinolones (FQs, 8.4 ± 435.6 μgkg^?1), sulphonamides (SAs, 3.2 ± 5.2 μgkg^?1) and macrolides (MACs, 0.4 ± 110.5 μgkg^?1). Statistical analysis was used to illuminate the pollution characteristics of 23 veterinary antibiotics for various animal types and different regions in Jiangsu province. The results showed that the pollution level in cow manure was relatively lower compared with pig and chicken manure due to the relative restriction of medication. Furthermore, contamination was serious in amended soil from chicken farms. The pollution level in manure among different regions was higher to the south and north compared with the centre of the region. The same outcome was found for soil. Antibiotic residues in organic fertilizer were also investigated in this study. We found that although the detected concentration was lower in organic fertilizer than in fresh manure, detection frequencies (10–90%) were high, especially for roxithromycin (90%) in MACs (30–90%). This finding suggests attention should be paid to the pollution levels in organic fertilizer. This study is the first extensive investigation of the occurrence and distribution of many kinds of typical veterinary antibiotics in manure and soil from livestock farms of Jiangsu province. This investigation systematically assesses veterinary antibiotics usage and related emissions in southeast China.     

多波长分光光度法在环境监测中的应用

根据NO2^-与AY(吖啶黄)的重氮化偶联反应。研究了反应的最佳条件，利用四波长处吸光度加和值与NO2^-浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系。建立四波长测定微量NO2^-含量的新方法。应用于环境样品的监测。获得了满意的效果。符合环境监测的要求。     

镁粉生产工艺防爆方法及存在的问题

镁粉生产工艺具有较大的火灾爆炸危险性.从预防爆炸发生和减缓爆炸后果两方面对我国镁粉生产工艺的防爆方法进行了比较和分析.从着火过程理论不完善、爆炸性数据不完整和防爆方法缺乏实验依据3个方面分析了镁粉防爆存在的问题,着重分析了镁粉惰化和部分惰化方法的不足,指出了进一步加强镁粉防爆基础研究的方向.     

安徽省市级区域发展的空间结构演变分析

以市级区域为空间结构研究对象,分析安徽省20世纪80年代以来区域经济空间结构的演化过程。结果表明：①安徽省各市级区域在近20年的发展中,区域差异空间格局整体上变化不大,20世纪80年代初期经济发达的地区现在仍为发达区,原先落后的地区仍落后;②1980年以来,工业化进程的空间差异与区域社会经济发展的空间差异具有很大的相似性,表明工业化是推动区域经济发展的重要力量;③通过分析区域发展差异的空间机制得出：轴线的地位差异显著,以贯穿南北的中轴线和沿江轴线为主,形成经济实力中心,而其它地区相对落后,形成了明显的中心-边缘模式。     

雀形目八种鸟核型的比较研究

采用空气干燥法制备骨髓细胞染色体标本 ,报道了雀形目 5科 8种鸟的核型 ,其中八色鸫科为世界首次报道核型的科 .比较研究表明 :臂间倒位和小染色体缺失在所描述类群的染色体进化中起着重要作用 .图版 2表 6参 15     

煤矿斜井串车提升跑车事故原因分析

为了防止斜井串车提升跑车事故的发生,必须管理好提升系统和阻车器两个部分.因为这两部分设备、器材工作状况的好坏和作业人员的规范操作,直接影响提升系统的安全.本文应用故障树分析方法,通过对煤矿斜井串车提升跑车事故的分析,提出了控制斜井跑车基本事件发生的途径,为斜井提升系统安全管理提供科学依据.     

HHM在信息系统风险识别中的应用

识别风险源是信息系统风险评估的重要过程.为了改进风险识别的完备性,本文设计了信息系统的HHM(等级全息建模)框架,并将其应用到信息采集和风险识别过程中,该方法提高了风险评估的准确性.     

MnFe/海泡石后置协同低温等离子体降解甲苯的研究

低温等离子体(NTP)净化法是去除挥发性有机物(VOCs)的常用方法之一。利用NTP协同催化剂处理VOCs时可降低能耗,减少副产物,提升CO₂选择性和VOCs的去除效率。以盐酸改性海泡石(SEP)纤维为载体,利用浸渍法制备了不同Mn、Fe负载量的MnFe/SEP催化剂,采用BET、SEM、TEM、XRD、XPS等方法对催化剂进行了微观结构表征和组分分析,并利用介质阻挡放电等离子体结合后置的MnFe/SEP催化剂,开展了等离子体协同催化剂催化降解甲苯的试验研究。结果表明：海泡石纤维是性能优良的催化剂载体,可以很好地分散MnO₂和Fe₂O₃等活性组分,并保持较高的比表面积;锰铁氧化物可以提升甲苯去除率、碳平衡、CO₂选择性,减少O₃残留浓度;当负载的Mn含量为6wt%时,锰铁氧化物高度分散在海泡石纤维表面,催化活性高,性价比较高。