近海岸海洋污染源分析和保护措施

随着沿海经济的快速发展和人类活动的日益频繁,近海环境污染日趋严重,近海环境保护也越来越受到人们的关注。文章阐述了我国近海污染的现状和特点,并分析了污染原因,在此基础上,提出了近海环境保护的可行措施。     

武汉市青山区大气中NO_x污染的调查及其影响因素的初步探讨

应用“盐酸萘乙二胺分光光度法”测定了武汉市青山区大气中NO_x的含量,并考察了时间、地点、汽车流量诸因素对这一地区大气中NO_x含量的影响。研究表明该地区NO_x含量较高,防治空气中NO_x的污染已迫在眉睫。     

Coalbed methane produced water in China: status and environmental issues

As one of the unconventional natural gas family members, coalbed methane (CBM) receives great attention throughout the world. The major associated problem of CBM production is the management of produced water. In the USA, Canada, and Australia, much research has been done on the effects and management of coalbed methane produced water (CMPW). However, in China, the environmental effects of CMPW were overlooked. The quantity and the quality of CMPW both vary enormously between coal basins or stratigraphic units in China. The unit produced water volume of CBM wells in China ranges from 10 to 271,280 L/well/day, and the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) ranges from 691 to 93,898 mg/L. Most pH values of CMPW are more than 7.0, showing the alkaline feature, and the Na-HCO₃ and Na-HCO₃-Cl are typical types of CMPW in China. Treatment and utilization of CMPW in China lag far behind the USA and Australia, and CMPW is mainly managed by surface impoundments and evaporation. Currently, the core environmental issues associated with CMPW in China are that the potential environmental problems of CMPW have not been given enough attention, and relevant regulations as well as environmental impact assessment (EIA) guidelines for CMPW are still lacking. Other potential issues in China includes (1) water quality monitoring issues for CMPW with special components in special areas, (2) groundwater level decline issues associated with the dewatering process, and (3) potential environmental issues of groundwater pollution associated with hydraulic fracturing.     

基于HR/CFD技术的城市汽车尾气扩散规律研究

为研究城市空间结构对汽车尾气扩散规律,根据高分辨率遥感影像建立了某城市核心区域几何模型。以当地常年气象风向作为重要的边界条件之一,应用CFD多相流技术,模拟了十字交叉口车辆队列怠速等候35,45,55 s时的尾气扩散过程,并对45 s时4个监测点的体积分数进行了实测,最后,通过建筑高度优化,降低了该区域的尾气含量。以上研究结果表明:在空间狭小区域,近地空间CO体积分数达1.0×10-7,与研究域平均体积分数相差100倍以上,说明城市空间结构对尾气扩散影响较大,仿真所揭示的规律与实测吻合。建筑设计时应结合当地气象风向和风速,应设计一定的建筑高度梯度,可以促使污浊气体迅速扩散至远地空间。     

齐抓共管保安全

对谁应该抓安全,怎么样抓安全进行了阐述。对现实的安全工作具有指导意义。     

自激振荡磨料射流的基本理论与初步试验

自激振荡磨料射流是在自激振荡脉冲射流和前混合磨料射流基础上,提出的新型射流。为此,重点讨论了自激振荡磨料射流喷嘴的结构和工作原理,分析了脉冲频率和幅值等参数对磨粒加速效果的影响。根据初步研究表明,磨粒速度受脉冲频率和幅度影响很大,磨粒速度可超过前混合磨料射流中磨粒的速度,最大钻孔速度比前混合磨料射流提高４１％ 。这一成果有望用于坚硬物料的切割和特种加工、石油钻井、大洋采矿、难采矿体的开采、坚硬岩石巷道（遂道）掘进、表面清洗等领域。     

城市生活垃圾堆肥技术与市场的协同发展

本文对城市生活垃圾堆肥技术推广运用涉及的技术、市场、规模、产品、经营、环境保护和政策等问题进行了讨论。     

浙江嵊州地震前SD-3型自动测氡仪记录的临震异常特征研究

通过对安装在宁波台ＺＫ０３ 井上的ＳＤ－ ３ 型自动测氡仪记录的１９９８ 年３ 月～８ 月整点值曲线图的分析,发现在距离该井８０ 多公里的嵊州等地先后发生的３－３ 级和４－５ 级地方震前,具有明显的、非常相似的临震前兆异常。主要特征为震前十几天开始出现整点测值向下突跳,数天后再出现频繁的整点测值向上突跳的形式,并以正异常为主。这是继该仪器在１９９６ 年长江口以东南黄海海域发生的ＭＳ６．１ 地震前记录到临震异常后,又记到的临震异常。笔者认为前兆数字观测仪器将在地震临震预报研究中发挥重要作用。