GXZ型净水器净水效果评价

GXZ型净水器为福州兴宏机械厂新开发的饮用水净水工程项目,它适用于农村中、小企业用户,具有结构紧凑、操作简便、管理方便、运行稳定、处理效果好并具有明显节能等优点。为提高农村饮水合格率,我们于1993年6月份引进GXZ-5型单罐体净水器一台,8月底安装完毕并投入使用,经过8个月来现场水质鉴定分析并作出效果评价,认为处理效果良好,适用于乡镇或村级中、小型水厂推广。1 GXZ-5型净水器构造原理及工艺流程 此次引进GXZ-5型净水器日处理水量60吨为单罐体,它集混合、絮凝、沉淀、污泥、浓缩、过滤、滤池反冲为一体组成。原水由一级泵提取同时加入混凝剂、     

干燥箱过温报警装置

电热干燥箱是广泛使用的一种生产设备。使用日久,接点烧蚀或控温机构失灵时,会出现过温现象,对此稍有疏忽就会烧毁设备发生火灾。因此有必要在干燥箱上安装过温报警装置,以防止事故发生。 我们采用的一种过温报警装置的原理线路,见附图。报警是以加热时间和温升为依据,当加热时间超过给定时间后,延时继电器动作,发出报警信号并切断加热电源。延时继电器可根据情况选用,只要延时不小于2分钟即可。干燥箱的温升和加热时间有如下关系: 使用温度(℃)60 80 100120 150 每分钟温升(’C/分)1.0 0.92o.邯0石0 几73如荆延时继电器延时2分钟,则过温可…     

Mercury volatilisation and phytoextraction from base-metal mine tailings

Experiments were carried out in plant growth chambers and in the field to investigate plant-mercury accumulation and volatilisation in the presence of thiosulphate (S2O3)-containing solutions. Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) plants grown in Hg-contaminated Tui mine tailings (New Zealand) were enclosed in gastight volatilisation chambers to investigate the effect of ammonium thiosulphate ([NH4]2 S2O3) on the plant-Hg volatilisation process. Application of (NH4)2 S2O3 to substrates increased up to 6 times the Hg concentration in shoots and roots of B. juncea relative to controls. Volatilisation rates were significantly higher in plants irrigated only with water (control) when compared to plants treated with (NH4)2 S2O3. Volatilisation from barren pots (without plants) indicated that Hg in tailings is subject to biological and photochemical reactions. Addition of sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) at 5 g/kg of substrate to B. juncea plants grown at the Tui mine site confirmed the plant growth chambers studies showing the effectiveness of thio-solutions at enhancing shoot Hg concentrations. Mercury extraction from the field plots yielded a maximum value of 25 g/ha. Mass balance studies revealed that volatilisation is a dominant pathway for Hg removal from the Tui mine site. A preliminary assessment of the risks of volatilisation indicated that enhanced Hg emissions by plants would not harm the local population and the regional environment.     

Field evaluation of in situ remediation of a heavy metal contaminated soil using lime and red-mud

We evaluated the effectiveness of lime and red mud (by-product of aluminium manufacturing) to reduce metal availability to Festuca rubra and to allow re-vegetation on a highly contaminated brown-field site. Application of both lime and red mud (at 3 or 5%) increased soil pH and decreased metal availability. Festuca rubra failed to establish in the control plots, but grew to a near complete vegetative cover on the amended plots. The most effective treatment in decreasing grass metal concentrations in the first year was 5% red mud, but by year two all amendments were equally effective. In an additional pot experiment, P application in combination with red mud or lime decreased the Pb concentration, but not total uptake of Pb in Festuca rubra compared to red mud alone. The results show that both red mud and lime can be used to remediate a heavily contaminated acid soil to allow re-vegetation.     

Field assessment of oxytetracycline exposure to the freshwater macrophytes Egeria densa Planch. and Ceratophyllum demersum L

In a microcosm study, two aquatic macrophytes, Egeria densa and Ceratophyllum demersum were exposed to nominal concentrations of 0, 5, 20, 50, and 250 microg/L oxytetracycline (n=3), plus 20 microg/L oxytetracycline amended with additional nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Responses were monitored bi-weekly over a six-week exposure period. Both plant species exhibited a significant decline in growth in the 250 microg/L oxytetracycline and the N- and P-amended units. Decreased light penetration resulting from accumulating oxytetracycline by-products appears to be the primary modifier in the growth of these plants. Increased susceptibility to oxytetracycline exposure was noted in some paired plantings (e.g., E. densa root development), relative to individual plants in these treatments, however, no clear explanation for this response is available. Based on the toxicity data generated in this study, we estimate that current concentrations of oxytetracycline in freshwater environments do not pose a direct risk to E. densa and C. demersum.     

固井水泥作业场所粉尘治理及效果评价

对油田固井水泥生产和使用作业场所进行了劳动卫生学调查,对粉尘污染严重的立式散装水泥储存罐尾气口排放、水泥裸口装卸、水泥与外加剂干混工艺进行了技术改造和粉尘治理,使作业场所空气中粉尘浓度由平均49.94 mg/m3降至1.19 mg/m3,除尘效率达97.81%,效果明显。     

水与工业：机遇与挑战

本文主要概述了提高工业用水效率的各种途径（例如：定价方法、财政激励、自愿协议、采用环境管理标准、清洁生产、“工业生态学”），水工业中预期的变化将是经济、环境和社会发展的反映、供水、废水的产生以及良好的商业行为被认为是推动这种变革的动力，本文强调了需要将城区及工业设施放在其所处的水环境中进行考虑。