Cultural Relevance for Rural Community Development in China: A Case Study in Bai,Jingpo and Huyaodai Communities of Yunnan Province

Abstract

A three-year study over the Bai, Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of development; concepts and traditions of inter-community relationships, consumption, marriage and gender; patterns of decision-making and production, resource and income allocation; as well as the role of information dissemination systems, religion and ritual. Based on the analysis over the interactive relevance between each factor and community development, some strategies and methods for dealing with such a cultural relevance in development projects are recommended.     

论加强环境保护基础设施建设

为进一步加强环境保护基础设施建设,促进我国环境保护事业的更大发展,各级人民政府和环保部门必须研究采用各种切实有效的措施。环保部门应当参与投资决策,确保资金投向基础设施建设;认真调查研究,选好选准基础设施项目,做好项目审批;采取各种措施和政策,加大投资力度;加强对基础设施建设的领导,加强投资监管,加快建设进度。     

三峡工程与长江中游浅层承压水动态

三峡水库正常运行后,坝下枯季下泄流量增加,将使荆江水位比建坝前抬高１－２ｍ。由于长江与两侧浅层承压水有着十分密切的联系。长江枯季水位升高将阻滞两岸地下水向长江排泄,从而使两岸承压水位相对抬高。观测研究表明,长江对承压水动态的影响程度随距离的增加而减弱,二者成分段线性反比的关系。在龙口观测剖面,如长江水位升高１ｍ,则在距离为０－１ｋｍ地段,承压水位将抬高１－０．２ｍ;在１－４ｋｍ地段,抬高０．２５－     

藏东南地区发展烟草问题研究

种植业对藏东南地区农村经济发展有重要影响。本文就该区发展烟草种植的可行性、必要性、重要性、发展规模和战略对策等重要问题进行了较为充分的论证。旨在引起有关决策部门和学术界的重视,以促进该区农村经济的发展。     

小型露天采石场危险程度评价系统的应用研究

介绍了小型露天采石场的特点，通过对小型露天采石场的危险有害因素分析，指出坍塌、滑坡、物体打击、高处坠落、爆破、运输事故、机电设备事故、粉尘、山洪是小型露天采石场常见的危险及有害因素。危险程度的专家评价系统能快速地跟踪和准确地预测小型露天采石场危险程度，提高安全评价的效率并及时提出合理的安全对策措施。     

气候异常与中国小麦白粉病灾害流行关系的研究

分析了厄尔尼诺事件与我国冬小麦白粉病发病面积的相关关系。结果表明：在厄尔尼诺出现的起始年，冬小麦白粉病发病面积相对较小；在厄尔诺起始年至下一个厄尔诺起始年前的前一年，冬小麦白粉病发病面积趋势逐年增大，并在下一个厄尔尼诺起始年前一年达到最大值；在连续出现厄尔尼诺的年份，冬小麦白粉病发生面积逐年降低。厄尔尼诺事件通过引发主要麦区的诱水、温度异常来影响小麦白粉病的流行程度。造成厄尔尼诺年我国小麦白粉病发病面向相对较低的原因，与厄尔尼诺起始年前的冬半年寒潮活动加强造成冬小麦冻害严重，大大降低了小麦白粉菌的越冬基数及春季干旱不利于小麦白粉菌的侵染有关。     

聚合氯化铝与水解聚丙稀酰胺复合絮凝剂JX-3的制备及室内评价试验

在无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)中引入有机高分子水解聚丙稀酰胺(PHP),制备出一种复合絮凝剂JX-3。PAC和PHP在其中可起到电性中和及絮凝桥架的的双重作用,使絮团紧密结合,提高絮凝效果,室内评价试验表明JX-3处理含轻油污水效果优于PAC和聚丙稀酰胺(PAM)。     

煤与瓦斯突出预测研究动态及展望

笔者总结了以突出敏感性指标预测为基础的接触式煤与瓦斯突出预测技术的发展现状 ;阐述了瓦斯地质理论研究进展情况 ;对统计学方法、计算机模拟、模糊数学、灰色系统理论、神经网络技术、专家系统、分形理论、流变与突变理论等数学物理理论在煤与瓦斯突出预测领域中的应用情况作了系统的描述 ;对GIS技术、无线电波透视探测技术及以地震波为主的弹性波技术为煤与瓦斯突出预测技术的发展前景作了必要的分析。     

中压加氢裂化装置危险和可操作性研究

针对中压加氢裂化生产过程存在很大的火灾、爆炸、毒害等危险性的特点，以加氢裂化反应器出口至冷高压分离器进口之间管线为分析节点，对工艺参数流量可能发生的各种偏差进行了危险和可操作性研究，找出了偏差发生的原因及可能导致的后果，提出了相应的控制措施，对提高装置的安全可靠性，预防和减少事故发生具有重要作用。     

Kinetics study on catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol by several metal oxide catalysts

Four metal oxide catalysts composed of copper (Cu), stannum (Sn), copper-stannum (Cu-Sn) and copper-cerium(Cu-Ce) respectively were prepared by the co-impregnation method, and γ-alumina(γ-Al2O3 ) is selected as support. A first-order kinetics model was established to study the catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol at different temperature when these catalysts were used. The model simulations are good agreement with present experimental data. Results showed that the reaction rate constants can be significantly increased when catalysts were used, and the catalyst of 6% Cu-10% Ce/γ-Al2 O3 showed the best catalytic activity. This is consistent witht he result of catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol and the COD removal can be arrived at 98.2% at temperature 210℃, oxygen partial pressure 3 MPa and reaction time 30 rain. The activation energies of each reaction with different catalysts are nearly equal, which is found to be about 42 kJ/mol and the reaction in this study is proved to be kinetics control.