厌氧折流板反应器处理生活污水的运行特性

以厌氧消化污泥作为厌氧折流板反应器ABR的接种污泥,研究恒温(35℃)条件下ABR处理生活污水的启动和运行特性。实验结果表明,ABR反应器仅用了39 d就完成初次启动,COD去除率一直稳定在60%左右。在以后运行的5个阶段里,即当水力停留时间为4~10 h,容积负荷为1.17~2.9 kg COD/m3.d,反应器对COD的平均去除率基本稳定在70.49%~80.2%;并且当HRT=7 h,VRL=1.612 kg COD/m3.d时,反应器对COD的去除率平均高达80.2%,平均COD出水低于100 mg/L。在实验过程中(除启动阶段外),反应器出水碱度均远远大于进水碱度,VFA均在1.5 mmol/L以下。     

双齿许水蚤(Pseudodiaptomus dubia)对亚热带虾池Cu和Zn的富集

重金属污染是对虾养殖环境主要污染现象之一,查明重金属在环境中的迁移规律对养殖水质调控和对虾健康养殖具有重要意义.本文采用火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定在不同暴露时间下双齿许水蚤(Pseudodiaptomusdubia)对Cu和Zn的富集量,研究了双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn富集动力学,并探讨了温度和盐度对其富集的影响.结果表明:双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn的富集过程均经历了快速、慢速和平衡3个阶段,实验24h达到富集平衡;双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn的富集动力学参数k1(Cu)=0.077＜k1(zn)=0272,BCF(cu)=0.344＜BCFZn)=2.252,双齿许水蚤对Zn的富集速率和富集能力均大于Cu.温度对双齿许水蚤Cu和Zn富集的影响显著(p＜0.05),最适温度范围为15 ～30℃;盐度对双齿许水蚤Zn富集的影响极显著(p＜0.01),而对Cu富集的影响不显著(p＞0.05),对Cu和Zn适宜的富集盐度范围为10 ～35.这些研究结果说明,双齿许水蚤对Cu和Zn均具有较强的富集能力,在对虾养殖期间,应通过循环过滤设施去除受到重金属污染池塘中的浮游动物,减少幼虾对其摄食和虾体中重金属的积累量,从而降低食品安全隐患.     

Remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic chemicals using stabilized nanoparticles: Lessons from the past two decades

▪ Overviewed evolution and environmental applications of stabilized nanoparticles. ▪ Reviewed theories on particle stabilization for enhanced reactivity/deliverability. ▪ Examined various in situ remediation technologies based on stabilized nanoparticles. ▪ Summarized knowledge on transport of stabilized nanoparticles in porous media. ▪ Identified key knowledge gaps and future research needs on stabilized nanoparticles. Due to improved soil deliverability and high reactivity, stabilized nanoparticles have been studied for nearly two decades for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated with organic pollutants. While large amounts of bench- and field-scale experimental data have demonstrated the potential of the innovative technology, extensive research results have also unveiled various merits and constraints associated different soil characteristics, types of nanoparticles and particle stabilization techniques. Overall, this work aims to critically overview the fundamental principles on particle stabilization, and the evolution and some recent developments of stabilized nanoparticles for degradation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater. The specific objectives are to: 1) overview fundamental mechanisms in nanoparticle stabilization; 2) summarize key applications of stabilized nanoparticles for in situ remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by legacy and emerging organic chemicals; 3) update the latest knowledge on the transport and fate of stabilized nanoparticles; 4) examine the merits and constraints of stabilized nanoparticles in environmental remediation applications; and 5) identify the knowledge gaps and future research needs pertaining to stabilized nanoparticles for remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. Per instructions of this invited special issue, this review is focused on contributions from our group (one of the pioneers in the subject field), which, however, is supplemented by important relevant works by others. The knowledge gained is expected to further advance the science and technology in the environmental applications of stabilized nanoparticles.     

接种比例对酒糟与餐厨垃圾混合厌氧发酵产沼气的影响

采用酒糟与餐厨垃圾作为混合发酵物料,并接种消化污泥进行厌氧干式发酵,比较接种比例(inoculum to substrate ratios,ISRs)(VS质量比)分别为0.5、0.8、1.0、2.0时的甲烷产率和产量、体系VFA、碱度、游离氨等指标。结果表明:接种比例的提高可有效提高甲烷产生速率,缩短发酵周期,减弱较高浓度VFA引起的抑制作用。当ISRs=1.0时产甲烷效果较好,累计产甲烷率为222.58mL/g,VS去除率达83.4%,继续增加接种比例对发酵效果影响不显著。此外,试验中适宜的VFA/碱度值为0.3～1.2,过大或过小都有可能抑制产甲烷过程。     

Influencing factors and degradation products of antipyrine chlorination in water with free chlorine

Owing to its low cost, free chlorine is one of the most common disinfectants for wastewater and drinking water treatment. However, the formation of disinfection byproducts has been found to occur after free chlorine disinfection in recent decades. Antipyrine (ANT), an anti-inflammatory analgesic, has been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. In this work, the removal efficiency of ANT by free chlorine oxidation in ultrapure water was investigated with batch experiments. The influencing factors on the removal of ANT were explored at initial concentrations of ANT from 0.04 to 0.64 mg/L, free chlorine dosage from 0.30 to 1.31 mg/L, and pH from 1.5 to 9.0. The main degradation products were identified by solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that ANT reacted rapidly with free chlorine in ultrapure water systems and up to 90.6% removal efficiency of ANT was achieved after 25 sec (initial free chlorine 1 mg/L, ANT 0.5 mg/L, pH 7.0). Higher oxidant dosage, lower ANT initial concentration and low pH favor the ANT removal. The main degradation product in ANT chlorination was a monochlorine substitution product (4-chloro-1,2-dihydro- 1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one), which can be further chlorinated by free chlorine. In addition, the total organic carbon result indicated that ANT is difficult to be mineralized using chlorine.     

绿化植物对城市空气悬浮颗粒物消减效应的研究进展

空气颗粒物对城市环境质量和人群健康的影响越来越受到社会各界的关注和重视,绿化植物能通过捕获、滞留和吸收等各种方式对空气颗粒物起到消减作用.本文在对绿化植物对空气颗粒物消减机制阐述的基础上,比较分析了不同形态特征和生态习性的绿化植物以及不同配置结构的城市绿地对空气颗粒物的消减差异,最后对未来的研究方向进行了展望.     

福建与台湾地震台网测定震级偏差浅析

选用福建地震台网"十五"观测系统正式运行以来记录的台湾地区M L≥3.0地震资料,计算了福建与台湾地震台网测定震级平均偏差、相关系数及拟合方程,并分析了震级差异形成原因。结果表明,福建地震台网测定台湾及其邻近海域的震级偏低,3.0≤M L<4.5,偏差量为0.80,M L≥4.5,偏差量为0.46;量规函数偏小是造成震级偏低的主要原因。     

南海游泳动物重金属含量特征及风险评价

以2019年夏季采自南海的11种游泳动物为研究对象,测定分析其体内重金属（Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As和Hg）的含量,并评估了上述重金属的污染状况和健康风险。结果显示,7种重金属在生物体中的含量,均符合国内相关污染评价标准。单因子污染指数均值依次为Zn>Cr>As>Hg>Pb>Cd>Cu,虽然个别物种的部分元素达到轻度或中度污染水平,但生物体内7种重金属的综合污染评价均属于无污染状态。健康风险评估结果表明,其膳食暴露风险、非致癌与致癌风险都较低。研究结果表明,南海夏季游泳动物体内重金属含量较低,几乎不存在人类食用健康风险。