基于问卷调查的个人生态足迹测算及分析——以厦门大学在读学生为例

文章运用世界自然基金会提供的个人年生态足迹计算软件,通过问卷调查收集资料,测算厦门大学在读学生个人生态足迹,并分析探讨高校在读学生个人生态足迹的组成及影响因素。结果表明,厦门大学在读学生的个人生态足迹介于0.4 gh～1.6 gh之间,平均值为0.83 gh,远低于中国人均生态足迹;在各组成部分中,耕地、水域和碳足迹为主要用地类型,占人均足迹的90%以上;被访者的性别、学科和学历对其个人生态足迹的影响不明显,而个人月可支配收入及其出行方式与个人生态足迹的大小存在明显正相关性,即月可支配收入越高个人足迹越大,选择环保的出行方式则个人生态足迹较小。     

西安国际化大都市生态环境建设研究

生态环境建设是城市可持续健康发展的重要途径,也是建设国际化大都市的内在要求。结合西安市创建国际化大都市的实际情况,阐述了西安市生态城市建设现状和发展中出现的问题、生态建设的优势和制约因素等,建立了国际化大都市城市生态建设指标体系,提出了西安市建成生态城市的相关对策和措施。对西安市生态建设提出了系统的设想,阐明国际化大都市建设对改善人居环境及创建和谐社会的重要意义。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法与石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定环境空气中铅的对比研究

分别采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法和石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定标准样品和环境空气中的铅,并进行了对比分析。结果表明,两种方法都具有较高的准确度和精密度,无显著性差异。     

高浓度印染废水集中处理污水处理厂运行模式的探讨

介绍了绍兴污水处理厂春节枯水期、夏季高温以及污泥膨胀时这些不同情况下的运行情况进行分析,寻找规律,保证了污水处理厂能在不同的运行模式下能连续、稳定、预处理经济运行。     

牡丹江市土壤环境质量状况研究

通过测定牡丹江市土壤中13种重金属元素以及3种有机物含量,计算单项污染指数并对土壤污染程度进行分级.结果表明,牡丹江市土壤未受明显污染.     

城市交通低碳化的可能路径

低碳经济下的城市交通建设不仅要求建设足够的城市交通设施以满足居民对城市机动化的需求,同时必须发展与城市碳容系统相协调的交通体系以保持经济增长与环境需求间的动态平衡。因此中国在加快城市机动化推进的同时也面,陆着资源与环境问题的挑战。论文对中国如何发展城市交通低碳化进行了战略构想,从空间性减碳、技术性减碳和社会性减碳三方面着眼提出了可行性建议。     

Distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River北大核心CSCD

Macrobenthic communities are an important part of aquatic ecological system in the Yangtze River. Studies on macrobenthic community structure and diversity have important significance for development and protection of water resources in the Yangtze River. In this research, macrobenthic communities and their habitat in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River were investigated at 17 sites in May and September of 2013. Shannon-wiener diversity index was used to assess the diversity of macrobenthic communities. The results showed that there were 36 species at these 17 sites; the abundance and diversity of macrobenthic community were the highest in the Nanjing Reach and the Changzhou Reach, the lowest in the Nantong Reach of the Yangtze River. Nephthys sp., Grandidierella chaohuensis sp., Gammarus sp., Tubifex sp. and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were the dominant taxa in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River. Cluster analysis based on species abundance yielded four groups among the 17 sites. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) suggested significant differences in macrobenthic community structure among the four groups (P < 0.05). The results indicated that factors including aquatic plants, water flow velocity, sediment types and channels can influence the distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River.     

外源钙对两种价态锑胁迫下水稻幼苗吸收积累锑和钙的影响

通过溶液培养试验,研究外源钙对两种价态锑[Sb(III)和Sb(Ⅴ)]胁迫下水稻吸收积累锑和钙的影响。结果表明,这两种价态的Sb对水稻生长均有抑制作用,Sb(III)比Sb(Ⅴ)对水稻毒害更明显,施Ca可缓解Sb对水稻的毒害。Sb(III)和Sb(Ⅴ)的添加对水稻根系和茎叶吸收积累Ca影响不一致。当溶液中的Ca浓度为5.0 mmol·L-1时,添加三价Sb 10和30μmol·L-1均可以显著地降低水稻茎叶中的Ca含量15.7%和49.4%,但是添加Sb(Ⅴ)浓度为30μmol·L-1时,却分别提高水稻茎叶和根系Ca含量26.2%和50.4%。Ca的添加可以显著地降低水稻根系和茎叶对两个价态Sb的吸收积累。在30μmol·L-1Sb(III)处理下,添加5.0和20 mmol·L-1的Ca可导致水稻根系和水稻茎叶Sb浓度分别比对照处理降低19.0%-79.4%和42.6%-71.8%;在30μmol·L-1Sb(Ⅴ)处理下,添加5.0和20 mmol·L-1的Ca可导致水稻根系和水稻茎叶Sb浓度分别比对照处理降低34.3%-70.6%和74.1%-84.6%。Ca的添加对Sb在水稻根系和茎叶中的富集系数和分配比率也有显著影响。综上所述,可以通过施用Ca肥来防治农田Sb污染,降低Sb对人体健康的危害。     

Effects of water regime, crop residues, and application rates on control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

Biological soil disinfestation is an effective method to control soil-borne disease by flooding and incorporating with organic amendments, but field conditions and resources sometimes limited its practical application. A laboratory experiment was conducted to develop practice guidelines on controlling Fusarium wilt, a widespread banana disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense(FOC). FOC infested soil incorporated with rice or maize straw at rates of 1.5 tons/ha and 3.0 tons/ha was incubated under flooded or water-saturated(100% water holding capacity) conditions at 30℃ for 30 days. Results showed that FOC populations in the soils incorporated with either rice or maize straw rapidly reduced more than 90% in the first 15 days and then fluctuated till the end of incubation, while flooding alone without organic amendment reduced FOC populations slightly. The rapid and dramatic decrease of redox potential(down to- 350 m V) in straw-amended treatments implied that both anaerobic condition and strongly reductive soil condition would contribute to pathogen inactivation. Water-saturation combined with straw amendments had the comparable effects on reduction of FOC, indicating that flooding was not indispensable for inactivating FOC. There was no significant difference in the reduction of FOC observed in the straw amendments at between 1.5 and 3 tons/ha. Therefore,incorporating soil with straw(rice or maize straw) at a rate of 3.0 tons/ha under 100%water holding capacity or 1.5 tons/ha under flooding, would effectively alleviate banana Fusarium wilt caused by FOC after 15-day treating under 30℃.     

基于WEBGIS的地震空间减灾信息化平台建设研究

地震已成为威胁人类生命、财产和社会经济发展最严重的自然灾害之一。针对当前地震应急减灾系统灾害信息获取时效性差、自动化和定量化程度低及信息集成共享等方面的不足,通过收集、整理地震灾害时空信息,结合灾区基础地理、多源遥感卫星影像及动态灾情信息,利用面向对象及主题的数据模型设计在线的地震应急减灾时空一体化数据库;提出了构建基于WEBGIS和空间技术的地震减灾信息化平台的总体设计架构、技术体系及功能模块;开发了平台原型系统,初步形成了地震灾害动态监测、灾害评估、灾情信息实时共享以及应急减灾辅助决策的一体化产品,为提高我国地震灾害应急减灾水平提供了借鉴作用。