城市面源污染特性及污染负荷预测模型研究

通过分析城市面源污染的来源和污染特征,并针对城市土地利用和下垫面类型特点,建立城市面源污染预测模型,研究探讨城市降雨径流及污染负荷预测模拟和迁移规律。所建模型已成功地应用于武汉市汉阳地区城市面源污染控制技术研究,获得了满意的结果。该模型可为城市水环境规划、面源控制和管理研究提供科学手段。     

呼和浩特交通扬尘排放清单研究

颗粒物污染是影响中国城市空气质量的首要因素,交通扬尘是城市大气颗粒物污染的主要来源之一,排放清单及排放特征研究是进行环境影响分析、控制措施成本效益分析、控制方案制定以及进行环境管理的基础。本文对呼和浩特城区典型道路路面尘负荷进行采样分析,现场调研不同类型道路车流量和车辆构成,应用AP-42排放因子计算典型道路交通扬尘排放因子,建立了基于G IS的排放清单数据库。结果显示:胡同的PM10排放因子最大,其次分别为环城路、支路、次干道和主干道;环城路的PM10排放强度最大,其次为主干道、次干道、支路和胡同;基准年2006年呼和浩特城区交通扬尘PM10排放量为22 715 t;从空间分布看,环城路以内网格排放源强较高,中心城区排放强度最大。     

吉林省辉发河底泥重金属污染评价

辉发河为第二松花江的第一大支流,其污染情况对第二松花江和松花湖的环境影响较大.本文以辉发河底泥为研究对象,测定了底泥中砷、镉、铬、铜、汞、铅和锌等重金属元素含量,探讨了重金属元素分布特点,并采用沉积物基准法和地质累积指数法对重金属污染情况进行了评价.结果表明,辉发河底泥砷、镉、铬、铜、汞、铅和锌平均含量分别为5.9、0.162、71.1、17.6、0.037、21.5 mg/kg和53.3 mg/kg,含量水平比较低,各重金属元素在辉发河干流底泥中含量变化规律基本一致;综合两种污染评价方法结果可知,辉发河底泥中重金属总体污染水平较低,污染元素主要为Cr、Pb、Hg和As.     

大亚湾海洋生物体中的砷

为也了解大亚湾海洋生物体Ａｓ含量的背景水平，１９９３年大亚湾１５个测站采集了海洋样品，对其Ａｓ含量进行了测定和评价。鱼类，甲索类，头足类和贝类Ａｓ含量的平均值分别为０．４５×１０＾－６，４．７０×１０＾－６，２．２８×１０＾－６和５．５７×１０＾－６，表现出明显的种类间差异。     

论加强环境保护基础设施建设

加强环境保护基础设施建设是扩大内需，拉动经济发展的重要措施，可带来可观的经济，社会和环境效益，并可改善投资结构，产业结构和生产力布局，同时也是综合整治环境污染和破坏，保护和城乡环境质量的基本扩大内需加强环境保护基础设施建设，环境保护部门应积极参与综合决策，选基础设计项目，加大投资力度，加强投资监客，并通过推行污染集中控制，区域控制和综合防治来引导和加强环境保护基础设施建设。     

On the use of PAH molecular diagnostic ratios in sewage sludge for the understanding of the PAH sources. Is this use appropriate?

The concentrations ratios of specific pairs of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely used for the qualitative determination of the PAHs sources. These ratios are called PAHs molecular diagnostic ratios and are commonly used for PAHs concentrations in air, soils and sediments. Some scientists have extended the use of these ratios also for sewage sludges, suggesting that calculation of these ratios by individual PAHs concentrations can be as effective as in soils or sediments. This paper describes the reason why the PAH molecular ratios calculated from sewage sludge concentrations should not be used for the understanding of the PAH sources.     

基于问卷调查的个人生态足迹测算及分析——以厦门大学在读学生为例

文章运用世界自然基金会提供的个人年生态足迹计算软件,通过问卷调查收集资料,测算厦门大学在读学生个人生态足迹,并分析探讨高校在读学生个人生态足迹的组成及影响因素。结果表明,厦门大学在读学生的个人生态足迹介于0.4 gh～1.6 gh之间,平均值为0.83 gh,远低于中国人均生态足迹;在各组成部分中,耕地、水域和碳足迹为主要用地类型,占人均足迹的90%以上;被访者的性别、学科和学历对其个人生态足迹的影响不明显,而个人月可支配收入及其出行方式与个人生态足迹的大小存在明显正相关性,即月可支配收入越高个人足迹越大,选择环保的出行方式则个人生态足迹较小。     

重庆地区酸沉降对建筑涂料的影响

本文研究了重庆地区酸性沉降物对建筑外墙涂料的涂膜附着强度、色差及外观的影响;探讨了涂膜附着强度下降率与酸雨雨量之间的相关性;优选出了适合于重庆地区的外墙涂料。     

Trihalomethanes adsorption on activated carbon fiber

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Remediation mechanisms of mercapto-grafted palygorskite for cadmium pollutant in paddy soil

The immobilization agent was the key factor that determined the success of remediation of heavy metal polluted soil. In this study, mercapto-grafted palygorskite (MP) as a novel and efficient immobilization agent was utilized for the remediation of Cd-polluted paddy soil in pot trials, and the remediation mechanisms were investigated in the aspect of soil chemistry and plant physiology with different rice cultivars as model plants. Mercapto-grafted palygorskite at applied doses of 0.1–0.3% could reduce Cd contents of brown rice and straws of different cultivars significantly. Both reduced DTPA-extractable Cd contents in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil and decreasing Cd contents in iron plaques on rice root surfaces confirmed that MP was an efficient immobilization agent for Cd pollutant in paddy soil. In the aspect of soil chemistry, the pH values of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils had no statistical changes in the MP treatment groups, but their zeta potentials decreased obviously, indicating that MP could enhance the fixation or sorption of Cd on soil compositions. In the aspect of antioxidant system, MP could increase POD activity of rice roots significantly to alleviate the stress of Cd to roots, and resulted in the decrease of T-AOC, SOD, and CAT activities of rice roots of the selected cultivars. MP had no inhabitation or enhancement effects on TSH of rice roots but enhance the contents of MTs and NPT to binding Cd to complete detoxification process. MP as a novel and efficient immobilization agent could complete the remediation effects through soil chemistry and plant physiological mechanisms.