建三江分局稻壳污染防治现状及综合利用初探

本文论述了建三江分局稻壳综合利用的现状,分析了产生稻壳污染的原因,提出了下一步稻壳污染防治的对策.     

环嗪酮对生态环境影响评价研究

在实验室测定了环嗪酮有不同ｐＨ条件下的水解、不同土壤中的降解及其在直径为２ｃｍ长为３０ｃｍ的玻璃管中的淋溶移动情况，试验结果表明，环嗪酮在ｐＨ为５、７、９三种不同缓冲溶液中的水解半衰期分别为５１７９．３、２４１３．９、８６６．４天；在东北黑土、江苏黄棕壤、浙江黄壤与江西红壤四种不同土壤中的降解半衰期分别为４０．３、９．６、７７．１和１２０．３天；在上述四种土壤中的移动速率次序为东北黑土＜江苏黄棕＜浙江黄壤＜江西红壤。田间试验结果表明，环嗪酮在试验区土壤中的淋溶性能极高，施药后半月内即可淋溶到６０～１２０ｃｍ深的土层中，淋溶到６０ｃｍ以下土层中的量占环嗪酮总使用量的１４．７％，在试验区内外的观测井中也检测到它的残留。但其在土壤的消失速率也很快，施药２个月后，在试验区各土层与观测井中均已无残留检出，在试验区环境条件下，它的使用将不会导致对地下水的污染。     

Impact of MSW landfill on the environmental contamination of phthalate esters

This study aims to investigate the impact of MSW landfill on the contamination of phthalate esters (PAEs) in nearby environment. Landfill leachate, surface water, groundwater and soil profile samples were collected from a MSW landfill area in Wuhan, China. Contents of 16 PAEs were detected for each sample using gas chromatography method. Results showed that landfill had an obvious effect on the contamination of PAEs in groundwater, whereas showed no tremendous effect on the PAEs contamination in surface water and topsoil. Seven possible transportation processes of PAEs in landfill area were put forward. However, the especially important processes are the invasion of PAEs into aquifer through weathered crevice, horizontal transportation in aquifer and upward infiltration with groundwater. It is suggested that the whole landfill area should be engineered with seepage-proof membrane and clay so as to prevent landfill leachate from flowing out of the filling area. On the other hand, no weathering crevice is permitted in the landfill area as it will affect groundwater seriously.     

铝电解自焙槽烟气静电净化技术

自焙阳极铝电解槽在生产过程中产生的大量有害气体和粉尘 ,在我国至今没有一种有效的治理方法。我院首次应用电除尘与静电凝聚技术相结合 ,净化自焙阳极铝电解槽生产过程中所产生的有害气体和烟尘获得成功。经国家环保部门测试认定 ,其沥青烟、氟化物和粉尘的排放量均低于国家排放标准。该项技术为我国铝电解行业消除对环境的污染提供了一种最佳的治理方法。介绍了净化工艺原理、实施方法、技术效果与现场运行实测数据     

Time domain reflectometry measured moisture content of sewage sludge compost across temperatures

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a prospective measurement technology for moisture content of sewage sludge composting material; however, a significant dependence upon temperature has been observed. The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of temperature upon moisture content measurement and determine if TDR could be used to monitor moisture content in sewage sludge compost across a range of temperatures. We also investigated the combined effects of temperature and conductivity on moisture content measurement. The results revealed that the moisture content of composting material could be determined by TDR using coated probes, even when the measured material had a moisture content of 0.581 cm³ cm^?3, temperature of 70 °C and conductivity of 4.32 mS cm^?1. TDR probes were calibrated as a function of dielectric properties that included temperature effects. When the bulk temperature varied from 20 °C to 70 °C, composting material with 0.10–0.70 cm³ cm^?3 moisture content could be measured by TDR using coated probes, and calibrations based on different temperatures minimized the errors.     

Atmospheric emission of polychlorinated biphenyls from multiple industrial thermal processes

In this study, field measurements were conducted to estimate and characterize the atmospheric emission levels and profiles of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from multiple industrial thermal processes. The emission levels and profiles of PCBs from five types of thermal processes at twenty-three plants were studied and compared with eight processes reported in our previous studies. Correlation analysis was preformed to identify a marker congener for emission of ΣPCB. A significant correlation was observed between congener CB-118 and ΣPCB (R² = 0.65 and p < 0.01), which suggests that CB-118 is a good marker congener for emission of ΣPCB. The profiles of PCBs emitted from the thirteen thermal processes were compared, and this information could be used for studying source–receptor relationships and identifying the specific sources of PCBs. To prioritize the sources for control, the concentrations of PCBs from thirteen industrial thermal sources were compared. The PCB concentrations from secondary zinc smelting and thermal wire reclamation were about one to three order magnitude higher than those of other sources, which suggests that these two sources be given priority in PCB source control. Finally, the atmospheric emission factors of PCBs from the thirteen industrial sources were summarized, and these data will be useful for developing an integrated emission inventory of PCBs.     

La2O3—ZrO2缺陷萤石型燃烧催化剂的制备

缺陷萤石型Ｌａ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２固溶体的催化燃烧活性受制备条件的影响，本文通过对其共沉淀前体的表面结构和热分解过程的分析，发现共沸蒸馏的办法可以有效地控制前体表面羟基的缩合过程，减少团聚，保持前体中金属离子均匀分散，为生成缺陷有序的烧结石型的Ｌａ２Ｚｒ２Ｏ７复氧化物提供了可能。复合氧化物固溶体的表面阳离子配置情况与样品的催化氧化性能密切相关，软团聚前体的烧结产物对甲烷燃烧反应具有更高的催化活性。     

不同供电方式ESP极板电流密度分布研究

介绍了电除尘器极板电泳密度测试方法和装置，测定了不同极距下脉冲供电和直流供电时，沿电晕极线垂直方向、水平方向及整个极板上电流密度的分布结果，得出在同等条件下，脉冲供电的极析电流密度分布比直流供电的更加均匀，有利于改善电除尘器运行。