高锰酸钾氧化水中二甲基三硫醚的动力学

研究了氧化剂KMnO4氧化水中二甲基三硫醚的效能,探讨了KMnO4投加量、二甲基三硫醚的初始浓度、pH值、腐植酸浓度以及同类臭味物质甲硫醚对氧化反应的影响,并对反应动力学进行了分析。结果表明：不同剂量的高锰酸钾对二甲基三硫醚有较强的氧化能力,基本完全氧化需要一定时间（达2 h）。随着高锰酸钾投量的增加,去除率和反应速率也随之增加,但高锰酸钾投加量不宜过多,建议最佳投加量为2 mg·L-1。实验发现：二甲基三硫醚初始浓度、实际水体pH值以及腐殖酸浓度对氧化反应的影响不明显;但水中同类臭味物质甲硫醚对氧化反应有抑制作用,使反应进程变慢。高锰酸钾氧化二甲基三硫醚的反应符合二级反应动力学模型,二级反应的动力学常数为k=0.006 59 L·（min·mg）-1,理论曲线与实际反应曲线存在一定的差距,但整个反应过程中2条曲线反应的去除率的差距不大,因此理论曲线能较好的指导实践。     

基于生态压力视角的长三角地区生态安全格局构建与优化

人类经济活动对生态环境造成的压力,是威胁区域生态安全的重要因素,基于生态压力视角构建生态安全格局对维持区域生态安全具有重要意义。以长三角为研究区,在形态学空间格局分析(MSPA)基础上采用景观连通性指数识别生态源地,基于能值生态足迹模型并结合夜间灯光数据识别生态压力热点区,通过最小累积阻力模型(MCR)提取生态源间廊道和生态压力需求廊道,从而构建生态安全格局。结果表明:(1)研究区生态源地总面积为25 581.47 km²,占研究区总面积的24.20%,主要分布在太湖流域和浙西浙东等地;生态压力热点区集中在上海、苏州等城市化水平较高的地区;生态源地与生态压力热点区在空间上并无重叠,生态供需存在一定程度的空间失耦。(2)生态廊道网络由生态源间廊道和生态压力需求廊道组成,生态源间廊道总长度为2 459.13 km,呈现"两纵一横"的空间格局,适宜修建宽度为1 200 m;生态压力需求廊道总长度为1 186.71 km,呈现以生态源地为核心的空间组团特征,一般、较高、高压力需求廊道的适宜修建宽度分别为750、550和100～200 m。(3)划分了生态保育区、生态控制区...     

水稻耐氨固氮菌施用效应研究

早、晚两季的田间试验结果表明,在电脑推荐施N水平上,耐氨固氮菌的增产效果不显著;在低N情况下(每公顷减纯N37.5kg),耐氨固氮菌的增产效果达显著水平,早、晚稻分别增产8.41％和7.21％。15N示踪盆栽试验结果表明,耐氨固氮菌对根系生长有明显的促进作用,在秧苗期明显增加秧苗对肥料15N的吸收．禾苗分蘖盛期则增强了禾苗根系的吸氮能力。     

Annual occurrence,abundance and diversity of fish in a South Carolina intertidal creek

An intertidal creek in North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, USA, was sampled monthly for 1 year to determine the occurrence, abundance and diversity of fish species. Sampling was so conducted as to reduce sampling bias to a minimum and all individuals caught were weighed and measured. A total of 16,611 individuals weighing 202.45 kg and comprising 51 species and 25 families of fish was collected. Three diversity indices were calculated for species number. Analysis of variance revealed that season had a highly significant effect on all indices and the number of species, but had no effect on the number of individuals caught.This work was supported by the Belle W. Baruch Foundation and the South Carolina State Development Board, and is Contribution No. 71 of the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research.     

基于多智能体建模方法的人群应急疏散模型构建研究——以腾龙芳烃（漳州）有限公司“4·6”爆炸着火重大事故疏散为例*

为从更微观角度分析人群疏散过程中疏散行为及路网设计对疏散效果的影响,基于腾龙芳烃（漳州）有限公司“4·6”爆炸着火重大事故,构建多智能体人群应急疏散模型,模拟人群中个体群组、惯性、就近、从众、信息传播的行为决策及相互交互影响。结果表明:群组行为会严重影响应急疏散效果,在疏散路网两端避难所附近会出现明显拥堵现象,在疏散路网设计和避难所选择时,应尽可能避免出现极端汇流路段或节点;在应急培训中,应告知群众减少群组行为。研究结果可为人群应急疏散提供借鉴。     

氧氟沙星与聚苯乙烯微塑料复合污染对剩余污泥厌氧消化的影响

为探究抗生素与微塑料复合污染对厌氧消化的作用影响,采用BMP实验考察了不同质量浓度氧氟沙星(OFL)、聚苯乙烯(PS)微塑料对剩余污泥厌氧消化产甲烷的影响行为,并通过分析溶解性有机物(DOM)、胞外聚合物(EPS)变化规律、厌氧发酵4阶段代谢以及微生物群落探讨其影响机理。结果表明,与对照组相比,单一OFL和单一PS微塑料污染使甲烷累积产量分别下降了15.95%~81.36%、4.25%~5.78%;而在复合条件下,两者表现出协同效应,故导致产甲烷速率的进一步下降和有效产气时间的缩短,其中OFL胁迫占主导。机理探究发现,不论单一OFL还是复合污染,DOM中腐殖质类物质均明显增加,EPS组分结构趋于复杂化,厌氧消化4阶段均受到明显抑制。单一PS微塑料污染在反应初期可提高产甲烷速率,且对厌氧消化4阶段的影响相对较小。微生物群落分析发现,复合组与单一OFL组群落分布更为相近,产酸细菌与嗜乙酸产甲烷菌的相对丰度均明显下降,这导致乙酸营养型产甲烷途径受到严重抑制。本研究结果可为复杂污染情况下剩余污泥资源化处理的工艺调控提供参考。     

高浓度电镀废水的处理

介绍了某自行车厂电镀车间高浓度电镀废水处理工艺的设计；结合工艺运行的调试，对设计缺陷进行了分析。     

Analysis of diffusion-adsorption equivalency of landfill liner systems for organic contaminants

The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption is analyzed by means of an analytical method. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five different liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis show that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner (CCL) can be 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better diffusion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their different Henry's coefficient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coefficient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9-2.4. As far as diffusive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less effective than CCL.     

香料废水治理工程设计与实践

文章对香料废水进行了分析研究,主体工艺采用曝气内电解-固定化UASB-两级接触氧化对某化工有限公司香料废水进行处理,经监测出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的一级标准,并用曝气内电解专利深处理香料废水,可较大的降低处理运行成本。     

几个菜心品种硝酸盐累积差异的研究

通过对7个菜心品种在2种氮源形态下进行水培试验,以及对植株和吸收液的分析测试,探讨菜心品种间的硝酸盐累积、氮素营养特性及养分吸收的差异,为制定硝酸盐调控措施和选育低硝酸盐菜心品种提供依据。