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271.
盆栽植物净化甲苯废气 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
采用动态模拟法模拟盆栽植物对甲苯污染气体的净化,考察吊兰和金绿萝两种盆栽植物在净化甲苯过程中,甲苯入口浓度与植物对甲苯净化速率的关系。结果表明,2种盆栽植物对低浓度甲苯废气具有长期明显的净化效果。在相同条件下,吊兰茎叶和土壤的净化速率优于金绿萝体系。在植物的耐受浓度范围内,2种植物茎叶和土壤的净化速率均随着甲苯入口浓度的升高而增大,且白天的净化速率明显高于黑夜时的净化速率。在实验过程中,吊兰土壤体系的降解率随着甲苯浓度的升高逐渐下降;金绿萝土壤体系的降解率基本不受甲苯入口浓度的影响。吊兰盆栽体系的降解率明显大于金绿萝的降解率。两种植物盆栽体系的降解率随甲苯进口浓度的影响可以忽略。 相似文献
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Wei Jiang Qingye Hou Zhongfang Yang Tao Yu Cong Zhong Yi Yang Yangrong Fu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(13):7876-7885
The accumulation of heavy metals in farmland has become an important issue related to food security and environmental risk. The annual inputs of heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Zn) to agricultural soil for a full year in Hainan Island have been studied. Three fluxes through the cultivated horizon were considered: (1) atmospheric depositions, (2) fertilization, and (3) irrigation water. The corresponding samples were collected and analyzed on a large regional scale. The total input fluxes show obvious spatial variability among different regions. The inventory of heavy metal inputs to agricultural land demonstrates that agricultural soil is potentially at risk of heavy metal accumulation from irrigation water. The potential at risk of heavy metal accumulation from atmospheric deposition and fertilizer is relatively low compared to irrigation. The results indicate that Hg is the element of prior concern for agricultural soil, followed by Cd and As, and other heavy metal elements represent little threat to the environment in the study area. This work provides baseline information to develop policies to control and reduce toxic elements accumulated in agricultural soil. 相似文献
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In this study, we examined the experimental catalytic oxidation of gaseous monochlorobenzene (MCBz) with O3 over Fe2O3 in a packed bed reactor to investigate the feasibility of economical low temperature decomposition at a high space velocity (SV). We investigated the effects of several reaction parameters (temperature, O3 concentration, and SV) on the MCBz oxidation. At 150 °C, the conversion of MCBz over Fe2O3 in the absence of O3 was only 3%; it increased to 91% over Fe2O3 in the presence of 1200 ppm of O3 at a high SV of 83 s−1. A long-term operation study revealed that the conversion of MCBz was stable for more than 96 h. In the steady state, the carbon and chlorine balances were 88% and 86%, respectively. Applying a Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, we estimated an activation energy of 16.7 kJ mol−1 for MCBz oxidation over Fe2O3 in the presence of O3. 相似文献
278.
This study investigated the effects of sediment dewatering on the phosphorus transformations concerning about the production and emission of phosphine in the intertidal marsh of the Yangtze Estuary. The concentrations of matrix-bound phosphine ranged from 18.62-72.53 ng kg−1 and 31.14-61.22 ng kg−1 within the August and January exposure incubations, respectively. The responses of matrix-bound phosphine concentrations to sediment dessication demonstrate that the production (or accumulation) of matrix-bound phosphine significantly increased with water loss at the start of the emersion incubations. However, further dehydration inhibited the formation of matrix-bound phosphine in sediments. The significant correlations of matrix-bound phosphine with the organic-P bacteria abundance and alkaline phosphatase activities implicate that the production of matrix-bound phosphine within the dessication incubations was linked closely to the microbial decomposition of organic P. The emissions of phosphine generally decreased with sediment dewatering, with the fluxes of 7.51-96.73 ng m−2 h−1 and 5.34-77.74 ng m−2 h−1 over the exposure incubations of both August and January, respectively. Also, it is observed that the releases of phosphine during the entire exposure periods were affected not only by its production but also by sediment water and redox conditions. 相似文献
279.
Yan Xing Zhuo Li Yaoting Fan Hongwei Hou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(2):392-399
Background, aim, and scope
Hydrogen is a clean and efficient energy source and has been deemed as one of the most promising carriers of new energy for the future. From an engineering point of view, producing hydrogen by mixed cultures is generally preferred because of lower cost, ease of control, and the possible use of organic waste as feedstock. The biological hydrogen production has been intensively studied in recent decades. So far, most investigates of biohydrogen production are still confined to using pure carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich wastewater. Nowadays, the large amounts of livestock manure, which come from cattle feedlots, poultry, and swine buildings, are causing a major environmental issue because it has become a primary source of odors, gases, dust, and groundwater contamination. The increasingly stringent requirements for pollution control on livestock manures are challenging the scientific community to develop new waste treatment strategies. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop nonpolluting and renewable energy source utilizing the organic waste (e.g., livestock manure). It is well known that anaerobic digestion had successfully been used for the disposal of manures to produce methane in the last two decades. Recently, an alternative strategy has been developed to convert livestock manures (e.g., dairy manures) to biohydrogen as a high value-added clean energy source instead of methane. However, little information is available on hydrogen production from dairy manure via the mixed anaerobic microbe. As far as we know, the hydrogen production is habitually accompanied with production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), such as acetate, butyrate, and propionate, which are also an optimal feedstock for production of methane by anaerobic digestion. Provided that the biohydrogen production from dairy manure is further combined with the anaerobic digestion of the effluent from the producing hydrogen reactor that would be a one-stone two-bird paradigm, it not only produces a clean and readily usable biologic energy but also cleans up simultaneously the environment in a sustainable fashion. 相似文献280.
The photolysis of simulating low concentration of hydrogen sulfide malodorous gas was studied under UV irradiation emitted by self-made microwave discharge electrodeless lamps (i.e. microwave UV electrodeless mercury lamp (185/253.7 nm) and iodine lamp (178.3/180.1/183/184.4/187.6/206.2 nm)). Experiments results showed that the removal efficiency (eta H2S) of hydrogen sulfide was decreased with increasing initial H2S concentration and increased slightly with gas residence time; H2S removal efficiency was decreased dramatically with enlarged pipe diameter. Under the experimental conditions with pipe diameter of 36 mm, gas flow rate of 0.42 standard l s(-1), eta H2S was 52% with initial H2S concentration of 19.5 mg m(-3) by microwave mercury lamp, the absolute removal amount (ARA) was 4.30 microg s(-1), and energy yield (EY) was 77.3 mg kW h(-1); eta H2S was 56% with initial H2S concentration of 18.9 mg m(-3) by microwave iodine lamp, the ARA was 4.48 microg s(-1), and the EY was 80.5mg kW h(-1). The main photolysis product was confirmed to be SO4(2-) with IC. 相似文献