Reply to comments on "Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite" by Yuhshan Ho

There were several first-order kinetic equations used and cited by previous publications （Do,an et al., 2007; Eftekhari et al., 2010; Lagergren, 1898; Kannan and Sundaram, 2001;Ozcan et al., 2006）：     

Chemical characteristics of size-resolved aerosols in winter in Beijing

Size-resolved aerosols were continuously collected by a Nano Sampler for 13 days at an urban site in Beijing during winter 2012 to measure the chemical composition of ambient aerosol particles. Data collected by the Nano Sampler and an ACSM(Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor) were compared. Between the data sets,similar trends and strong correlations were observed,demonstrating the validity of the Nano Sampler. PM10 and PM2.5concentrations during the measurement were 150.5 ± 96.0 μg/m3(mean ± standard variation)and 106.9 ± 71.6 μg/m3,respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.70 ± 0.10,indicating that PM2.5dominated PM10. The aerosol size distributions showed that three size bins of 0.5–1,1–2.5 and 2.5–10 μm contributed 21.8%,23.3% and 26.0% to the total mass concentration(TMC),respectively. OM(organic matter) and SIA(secondary ionic aerosol,mainly SO42-,NO3-and NH4+) were major components of PM2.5. Secondary compounds(SIA and secondary organic carbon) accounted for half of TMC(about 49.8%) in PM2.5,and suggested that secondary aerosols significantly contributed to the serious particulate matter pollution observed in winter. Coal burning,biomass combustion,vehicle emissions and SIA were found to be the main sources of PM2.5. Mass concentrations of water-soluble ions and undetected materials,as well as their fractions in TMC,strikingly increased with deteriorating particle pollution conditions,while OM and EC(elemental carbon) exhibited different variations,with mass concentrations slightly increasing but fractions in TMC decreasing.     

农村生活污水治理现状及对策研究

随着新农村建设的加快,农村集中居住区生活污水的不规范处置和大量集中排放,对地表水体水质和周围生态环境等产生了很大的影响,导致城乡环境受到严重破坏,农村生活污水处理已经成为急需解决的问题之一,当前的农村污水处理存在治理理念、资金投入、污水回用、运行管护等方面的问题,成为生态农村建设的一个瓶颈,因此必须采取强化绩效考核、政府资金扶持、建立长效机制等有效的对策和措施,加强对农村生活污水排放引起的环境污染进行有效的控制。     

论长输管道水土保持工程施工

长输管道点多、线长,通常是跨地区、跨省份施工作业,沿线经过的地形地貌复杂多变,所以,为了处理好开发建设项目与水土保持的关系,使水土流失得到有效遏制,做好长输管道水土保持工作尤为重要.下面以长呼原油管道水土保持工作开展情况为例,详细介绍如何做好长输管道施工水土保持工作.     

水库扩建工程水体富营养化预测评价方法研究

以附廓水库、木浪河水库、沙坝水库3个水库扩建工程为例,综合考虑水体富营养化计算预测评价、水体富营养化现状调查评价、水生生态现状调查等方面的结论,对3个水库扩建后富营养化水平进行预测评价。     

生物破乳菌XH-1的破乳有效成分研究

对破乳菌XH-1（Bacillus mojavensis）的破乳效能进行研究,并对该菌所产生的破乳剂有效成分及其理化性质进行考察。结果表明,破乳菌XH-1全培养液针对O／w型模型乳状液24h破乳率为86．0％,48h破乳率可达100％;XH-1菌的破乳有效成分为胞外分泌物质,该物质耐低温、不耐高温、经胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶及尿素处理后其基本失活;采用不同蛋白质粗体方法对破乳活性物质进行处理,发现粗提产物均具有较好的破乳功能,说明该物质具有蛋白质的特性;经可见-紫外分光光度法扫描及红外光谱扫描分析发现该生物破乳剂的有效成分为破乳菌株XH-1发酵产生的胞外蛋白类物质。     

改善通辽市环境质量的对策与建议

本文为改善“十二五”期间通辽市环境质量和生态环境质量,从政策、技术和管理角度提出对策措施,保证区域可持续化发展。     

电厂脱硫系统检修过程中发现的主要问题和对策

脱硫系统作为电厂的主要环保设施,其安全稳定运行,直接影响到电厂的环保指标完成情况,本文主要介绍了田集电厂石灰石一石膏湿法脱硫系统在长达6年的商业运行中出现的主要问题：吸收塔喷淋梁冲损,浆液循环泵入口滤网导致吸收塔搅拌器故障停运、烟道积灰坍塌、脱水系统石膏含水量高、石膏输送皮带磨损严重及废水系统达不到额定出力,氧化箱频繁溢流等影响脱硫系统安全稳定运行,通过不断地摸索分析原因并根据现场实际情况进行的有针对性的改造,逐步提高脱硫系统运行的稳定性和安全性。     

Treatability of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated soils of different textures along a vertical profile by mechanical soil aeration: A laboratory test

Mechanical soil aeration is a simple, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technology that is suitable for sites contaminated with volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons(VCHs). Conventionally, this technique is used to treat the mixed soil of a site without considering the diversity and treatability of different soils within the site. A laboratory test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical soil aeration for remediating soils of different textures(silty,clayey, and sandy soils) along a vertical profile at an abandoned chloro-alkali chemical site in China. The collected soils were artificially contaminated with chloroform(TCM) and trichloroethylene(TCE). Mechanical soil aeration was effective for remediating VCHs(removal efficiency 98%). The volatilization process was described by an exponential kinetic function.In the early stage of treatment(0–7 hr), rapid contaminant volatilization followed a pseudofirst order kinetic model. VCH concentrations decreased to low levels and showed a tailing phenomenon with very slow contaminant release after 8 hr. Compared with silty and sandy soils, clayey soil has high organic-matter content, a large specific surface area, a high clay fraction, and a complex pore structure. These characteristics substantially influenced the removal process, making it less efficient, more time consuming, and consequently more expensive. Our findings provide a potential basis for optimizing soil remediation strategy in a cost-effective manner.     

焦油渣和煤沥青焚烧处置实验研究

通过开展残渣与有机污染土壤的混合焚烧实验,分析了炉渣、烟气中多环芳烃和重金属的含量及浓度,明确了残渣焚烧的适用工艺及条件。结果表明,在一段炉焚烧温度600~900℃、二段炉出口温度≥1 100℃、烟气停留时间≥2s、急冷器出口温度≤150℃的条件下,炉渣中重金属含量较高,少部分进入到尾气中,多环芳烃含量极少,大部分被焚烧破坏和尾气净化设施去除。实验结果表明,在残渣掺入量为30%条件下,尾气排放能够满足标准要求。