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411.
新型城镇化迫切需要推进城乡环境基本公共服务均等化,而农村环境公共服务的不足成为实现环境基本公共服务均等化的阻碍和制约。在阐述新型城镇化和城乡环境基本公共服务均等化之间关系的基础上,从环境基本公共服务投入总体不足、供给主体单一、城乡不均等突出等方面指出:当前阶段城乡环境基本公共服务均等化现状和面临的问题。探讨了城镇化背景下城乡环境基本公共服务均等化的发展重点领域,包括饮用水安全保障、清洁的大气、污水垃圾治理设施、环境信息服务等,认为推进城乡环境基本公共服务均等化宜采用政府推动、市场参与、多元化供给的协调推进路径,并提出政策建议。 相似文献
412.
2015年《中国环境状况公报》显示,大部分城市臭氧作为首要污染物的天数有增加趋势.而大气中的VOCs是产生臭氧最重要的前体物,同时也能对PM2.5产生影响,成为监测和控制的重点,被纳入总量控制体系.上海、广州、西安等地方已采用非甲烷总烃作为VOCs的评价指标.结合环境监测分析工作的实际情况,探讨了非甲烷总烃的样品采集、进样方式、样品色谱柱,结果表明:与注射器采样相比,气袋气密性和化学惰性好,保存样品时间长;采用一次进样,双色谱柱GDX502/104、玻璃微球同时分离样品,双FID同时检测,节约时间,避免误差,更加快速、准确. 相似文献
413.
414.
改性石墨烯对水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性石墨烯用于水中亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除进行了研究.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)和热重分析仪(TGA)对石墨烯和改性石墨烯性能进行表征.探讨了反应时间、pH、温度、剂量对石墨烯和改性石墨烯去除MB的影响.结果表明,在石墨烯制备过程中添加CTAB可以明显增大比表面积,提高MB的去除率.反应过程在前15 min内反应速率很快,并约在120 min内达到吸附平衡.吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型.最佳反应温度为293 K,吸附剂投加量的最适浓度为2 g·L-1,且吸附量的大小与溶液的初始pH值无关.通过Langmuir等温吸附方程得到改性石墨烯的最大吸附量86.43 mg·g-1,且为放热反应. 相似文献
415.
Pengfu Hou Ganghua Li Shaohua Wang Xin Jin Yiming Yang Xiaoting Chen Chengqiang Ding Zhenghui Liu Yanfeng Ding 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(9):1874-1881
A three-year experiment was conducted in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China to study the influence of continuous wheat straw return during the rice season and continuous rice straw return in wheat on methane (CH 4 ) emissions from rice fields in which, the rice-wheat rotation system is the most dominant planting pattern. The field experiment was initiated in October 2009 and has continued since the wheat-growing season of that year. The analyses for the present study were conducted in the second (2011) and third (2012) rice growing seasons. Four treatments, namely, the continuous return of wheat straw and rice straw in every season (WR), of rice straw but no wheat straw return (R), of wheat straw but no rice straw return (W) and a control with no straw return (CK), were laid out in a randomized split-plot design. The total seasonal CH 4 emissions ranged from 107.4 to 491.7 kg/ha (2011) and 160.3 to 909.6 kg/ha (2012). The increase in CH 4 emissions for treatments WR and W were 289% and 230% in the second year and 185% and 225% in the third year, respectively, in relation to CK. We observed less methane emissions in the treatment R than in CK by 14%-43%, but not statistically significant. Treatment R could increase rice productivity while no more CH 4 emission occurs. The difference in the total CH 4 emissions mainly related to a difference in the methane flux rate during the first 30-35 days after transplant in the rice growing season, which was caused by the amount of dissolved oxygen in paddy water and the amount of reducible soil materials. 相似文献
416.
Zhang Kerong Hou Youxin Jiang Liangyu Xu Yasong Liu Wuyi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(28):37400-37412
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - When the process of urbanization has brought economic benefits in the Yangtze River Delta of China, environmental pollution becomes increasingly... 相似文献
417.
离子色谱法中高浓度盐基体对无机阴离子分析影响规律的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文首次研究高浓度盐基体中,大量盐的存在对无机阴离子的保留时间,峰高峰面积等参数的影响规律,并对其影响机理进行了初步探讨,实验证明,在样品中离子总浓度不超过柱容量孤情况下,虽然由于某些离子的浓度过高,使待测离子的保留时间变短,峰形改变,但用峰面积和标准加入外推法计算,仍可得到较即的结果。 相似文献
418.
Youjian Zhang Wenjuan Zhang Jian Hou Xian Wang Wenhong Lu Hongyan Zheng Wei Xiong Junling Liu Jing Yuan 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(2):299-309
Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) is a typical phosphate flame retardant. Its potential adverse health effects have recently aroused concern. We investigated the seasonal variations of TCEP concentrations in the raw, finished and tap water samples from two drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) in China, and evaluated the cytotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis of organic extracts(OEs) in water samples. We enriched TCEP and OEs in water samples by solid-phase extraction method. The TCEP concentrations in water samples were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Normal human liver cell line L02 was treated with OEs in the water samples, and then the cytotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis were measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethyithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that cytotoxicities of OEs in raw water samples from both DWTPs in summer and winter were stronger than those in spring and autumn, cytotoxicity of OEs in finished and tap water samples from both DWTPs in summer and autumn were stronger than those in spring and winter. In all seasons, the maximal concentrations(100 mL water/mL cell culture) of OEs in the raw water samples from both DWTPs induced late apoptosis/necrosis. The reasons for seasonal variations of TCEP in water samples and potential toxic effects of other pollutants in the water samples need to be further investigated. 相似文献
419.
Jing Hou Luyao Wang Chunjie Wang Songlin Zhang Haiqiang Liu Shiguo Li Xiangke Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(1):40-53
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO_2 NPs) are one of the most widely used nanomaterials in the consumer products, agriculture, and energy sectors. Their large demand and widespread applications will inevitably cause damage to organisms and ecosystems. A better understanding of TiO_2 NP toxicity in living organisms may promote risk assessment and safe use practices of these nanomaterials. This review summarizes the toxic effects of TiO_2 NPs on multiple taxa of microorganisms, algae, plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. The mechanism of TiO_2 NP toxicity to organisms can be outlined in three aspects: The Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS)produced by TiO_2 NPs following the induction of electron–hole pairs; cell wall damage and lipid peroxidation of the cell membrane caused by NP-cell attachment by electrostatic force owing to the large surface area of TiO_2 NPs; and TiO_2 NP attachment to intracellular organelles and biological macromolecules following damage to the cell membranes. 相似文献
420.
Hongjie Wang Liyuan Hou Yongqin Liu Keshao Liu Lanping Zhang Fuyi Huang Lin Wang Azhar Rashi Anyi Hu Changping Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(4):11-23
Rapid urbanization has resulted in pervasive occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban aquatic ecosystems. However, limited information is available concerning the ARG profiles and the forces responsible for their assembly in urban landscape lagoon systems. Here, we employed high-throughput quantitative PCR (HT-qPCR) to characterize the spatial variations of ARGs in surface and core sediments of Yundang Lagoon, China. The results indicated that the average richness and absolute abundance of ARGs were 11 and 53 times higher in the lagoon sediments as compared to pristine reference Tibetan lake sediments, highlighting the role of anthropogenic activities in ARG pollution. Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that various anaerobic prokaryotic genera belonging to Alpha-, Deltaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes and Synergistetes were the potential hosts of ARGs. The partial least squares-path modeling (PLS-PM) analysis revealed positive and negative indirect effects of physicochemical factors and heavy metals on the lagoon ARG profiles, via biotic factors, respectively. The horizontal (mediated by mobile genetic elements) and vertical (mediated by prokaryotic communities) gene transfer may directly contribute the most to drive the abundance and composition of ARGs, respectively. Furthermore, the neutral community model demonstrated that the assembly of sediment ARG communities was jointly governed by deterministic and stochastic processes. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the diversity and distribution of ARGs in the benthic habitat of urban lagoon systems and underlying mechanisms for the spread and proliferation of ARGs. 相似文献