废催化剂浸出规律的动态模拟实验方法

利用小柱浸出实验装置对废催化剂中重金属的浸出规律进行了动态模拟研究。实验发现,在非饱和水条件下,重金属自废催化剂中浸出的浓度并没有随实验时间的增长而变化,重金属的浸出速率却随废物层饱水度的增加而显著增加,说明提高水分的入渗能够提高有害成分的浸出速率,实际上是提高了在害物质浸出的总量,因此,在危险废物填埋场中降低水分入渗可以减少有害物质的浸出。     

氧化铁细微粒子用于高温脱除硫化氢的研究

硫化氢是高温脱除是ＩＧＣＣ过程的关键技术之一。通过不同方法制得了各种粒径的氧化铁粒子,在此基础上进行了金属氧化物高温脱除硫化氢的穿透实验、随着粒径的减小,硫容逐渐增大,并且脱硫精度也有所提高。另外还考察了温度的影响,随着温度的升高,穿透时间变短,同其它金属氧化物相比,氧化铁也具有较高的硫容。     

基于生态环境安全的区域规划战略环评初探

围绕区域规划战略环评的地位、实施现状及主要存在问题,建立了基于生态环境安全的区域规划战略环评的指标体系,探讨了“环境库兹涅茨曲线”和“压力一状态一响应”的评价技术方法,对构筑产业生态链、强化不确定性分析、重视累积影响评价等方面提出了建议。     

Microbial diversity accumulates in a downstream direction in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Organic and inorganic materials migrate downstream and have important roles in regulating environmental health in the river networks. However, it remains unclear whether and how a mixture of materials (i.e., microbial species) from various upstream habitats contribute to microbial community coalescence upstream of a dam. Here we track the spatial variation in microbial abundance and diversity in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data. We further quantitatively assess the relative contributions of microbial species from mainstem, its tributaries, and the surrounding riverbank soils to the area immediately upstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). We found an increase of microbial diversity and the convergent microbial distribution pattern in areas immediately upstream of TGD, suggesting this area become a new confluence for microbial diversity immigrating from upstream. Indeed, the number of shared species increased from upstream to TGD but unique species decreased, indicating immigration of various sources of microbial species overwhelms local environmental conditions in structuring microbial community close to TGD. By quantifying the sources of microbial species close to TGD, we found little contribution from soils as compared to tributaries, especially for sites closer to TGD, suggesting tributary microbes have greater influence on microbial diversity and environmental health in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Collectively, our results suggest that tracking microbial geographic origin and evaluating accumulating effects of microbial diversity shed light on the ecological processes in microbial communities and provide information for regulating aquatic ecological health.     

宁夏天然草场产量与气候因子关系及人工草地产量估算

本文利用了宁夏地区草场产量资料,分析了它与气候因子的关系,结果表明水分是制约产量变化的主导因子。又结合本区实际情况,将文献[1]计算苜蓿作物干物质产量经验系数(K=0.9)修正为1.2,而后计算了充分灌溉和靠天然降水条件下两类耕地的牧草最大产量,这些研究结果,为本区畜牧业生产建设和规划提供了科学依据。     

各种金属氧化物高温脱硫性能比较

本文对各种金属氧化物（如Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＺｎＯ、ＣｕＯ、ＳｎＯ２、ＣａＯ、ＭｎＯ２）的高温脱硫性能进行了较系统的考察，对其硫容、脱硫精度等进行了分析，ＣｕＯ有较高的脱硫精度，而Ｆｅ２Ｏ３和ＭｎＯ２有较大的硫容，最后对脱硫剂的研究方向进行了探讨。     

Organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments and suspended particulate matters from the Yangtze estuary, China

Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in surface sediments (SS) ranged from 0.5 to 17.5 ng g⁻¹ and from 0.9 to 33.1 ng g⁻¹, averaged 6.0 and 8.2 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in suspended particulate matters (SPM) varied from 6.2 to 14.8 ng g⁻¹ with a mean value of 12.3 ng g⁻¹ and were from 3.4 to 25.7 ng g⁻¹ with an average of 16.4 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Lindane is the main HCHs' source and continuing use in the Yangtze Delta areas of ‘pure’ γ-HCH (lindane) rather than technical HCH (a mix of largely α- and some γ-HCH). DDTs in SS are mainly accumulated in history. However, high DDT fractions in SPM are indicators of new input of typical dicofol type DDT from 2002 to 2004. It can be seen that most samples from the Yangtze estuary were in ranges where adverse biological effects are expected, either occasionally or frequently.     

不同阴极对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响比较

阴极催化性能及材料对微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFCs)的产电特性及制造成本有很大影响。本研究选用金属铂(Pt)、活性炭作为催化剂、聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)和道康宁1-2577作为阴极的扩散层、碳布和不锈钢网作为阴极的基体材料制备得4种阴极,分别考察了相应MFC的产电性能和阴极特性。结果表明,采用传统Pt催化剂+PTFE扩散层+碳布制备成的阴极(Pt-PTC),MFC的最大输出电压为560 mV,最大功率密度为808 mW/m2,而采用活性炭+道康宁1-2577+不锈钢网制备成的阴极(AC-DCS),MFC的最大输出电压为510 mV,最大功率密度为726 mW/m2,两者的MFC产电性能极为接近。SEM结果表明,活性炭催化层表面和道康宁1-2577扩散层分别比Pt催化层及PTFE扩散层的更均匀光滑。阴极线性伏安测定结果表明,AC-DCS与Pt-PTC的电化学氧化性能较为接近。AC-DCS阴极成本仅为Pt-PTC的1/300左右,是一种低成本扩大化生产MFC阴极的新方法。     

旁通式烟气循环流化床脱硫特性的数值模拟

应用标准k-ε模型、DPM模型和物质输运与化学反应模型模拟烟气循环流化床脱硫的两相流动及化学反应,模拟结果和实验数据符合较好。提出了一种旁通式烟气循环流化床,并进一步研究了钙硫比和脱硫剂粒径对旁通脱硫塔脱硫效率的影响。结果表明,脱硫剂颗粒粒径从15μm增大到300μm时,旁通式脱硫塔的脱硫效率略有降低但变化不大;当钙硫摩尔比从0.8增大到1.3时,脱硫效率随之有明显的增加,当钙硫比大于1.3时,脱硫效率随钙硫比的增大略有增加。     

固定化微生物法处理含酚废水的研究

选用从活性污泥中分离得到的降解酚活性较高的热带假丝酵母菌(Candida tropicalis),通过实验选出了一种较好的载体和合适的固定化条件,在自制的三相流化床反应器中,采用固定化徽生物法连续处理含酚配水,进水酚浓度为300ppm,出水酚浓度小于0.5ppm,与悬浮生物法(如活性污泥法)相比,酚的容积负荷可提高1倍以上,污泥发生量可减少90％。