北京地区极端温度事件的变化趋势和年代际演变特征

利用北京地区20个气象观测站1978-2007年逐日平均温度资料,分析了近30年北京地区极端温度事件的变化趋势以及年代际空间演变特征。研究结果显示,北京观象台近30年的两次迁站对研究极端温度事件并无太大影响;近10年夏季显著的热岛效应,是城区极端高温事件发生频次明显高于其他地区的重要原因;尽管北京地区冬季平均温度的空间分布形态变化甚微,并始终存在着明显的热岛效应,但城区极端低温事件的发生频次有可能发生了与热岛效应无关的突变过程。     

Examining the technology acceptance for dismantling of waste printed circuit boards in light of recycling and environmental concerns

The dismantling of printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) and the recovery of their useful materials can lead to serious environmental impacts mainly due to their complicated physical structure and the variety of toxic elements contained in their material composition. So far, less attention has been paid to their responsible recycling compared to that of bare printed circuit boards. Combined with other materials recovery process, proper dismantling of PCBAs is beneficial to conserve scarce resources, reuse the components, and eliminate or safely dispose of hazardous materials. In analyzing the generation, resources potential and hazardous risk of scrap PCBAs, technologies used for the dismantling of waste PCBAs have been widely investigated and reviewed from the aspects of both industrial application and laboratory-scale studies. In addition, the feasibility of PCBA dismantling has been discussed, the determinants of which, including the heating conditions and mechanical properties have been identified. Moreover, this paper evaluates the environmental consequences caused by the dismantling of PCBAs.     

一次大范围持续性灰霾天气的形成机理分析研究

针对一次持续性灰霾天气,以处于核心污染区域的江苏省镇江市的空气污染状况为研究对象,对大气污染整体水平、各污染物的浓度状况及其相关性的分析,并结合气象参数中的风速、相对湿度、大气能见度,初步揭示此次镇江市持续性灰霾产生的主要原因是城市中汽车尾气的大量排放和持续性静稳气象条件的存在,指出当污染物排放总量超过了区域环境容量时,在适当气象条件下就会形成灰霾天气。     

我国政府购买环境公共服务的监督机制研究

近年来,环境类服务购买在政府购买公共服务中的比重不断增多,作为政府购买公共服务的下属概念,其监督不仅存在政府购买公共服务监督的一般性问题,还存在环境领域的专门问题,概括后主要表现为监督主体缺位、被监督对象比例设置不科学、监督内容过于宽泛、监督制度构建有限等。推动全国性专门立法、定位不同监督主体的功能、明确以"合同"为核心的监督内容、拓展配套制度是完善我国政府购买环境公共服务监督机制的必由之路。     

The evolution of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions in international trade for major economies: a perspective from the global supply chain

Employing global multi-regional input–output models, this paper revisits the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission trade (including exports and imports) and assesses their positions in the national emissions of 14 major countries with large national emissions or large emission trades during 1995–2009. It especially explores the evolution of the emission trades of these countries from both continuous time series and comparative perspectives, in order to provide an explanation for CO₂ emission spillovers across countries. The main findings obtained were as follows: (1) China was the largest CO₂ exporter to other countries, accounting for over 20 % of global exports since 2005; the CO₂ exports of the United States of America (USA), Germany, and Japan varied slightly over this time period, but overall, their proportions had decreased. (2) The CO₂ imports of the USA were the largest, occupying around 20 % of the global CO₂ imports; meanwhile, China’s CO₂ imports increased rapidly and ranked the second largest. (3) For Chinese Taiwan, its proportion of CO₂ exports in production-based emissions ranked the highest while that of the USA ranked the lowest; highly CO₂ import-dependent countries with an over 40 % proportion of CO₂ imports in its consumption-based emissions included France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, while China, India, and Russia remained the lowest, distinguished from their physical energy imports. These results suggested that the global policy makers should take the CO₂ emissions in trade into consideration when carefully accounting for national emissions inventories.     

自然灾害应急管理研究综述与展望

自然灾害造成的损失与应急管理的有效性和及时性成反比,而应急管理的有效性和及时性与当前国家的自然灾害领域研究水平以及国家的灾害应急管理体制分不开。对此,本文在简要归纳自然灾害的概念、特点与危害的基础上,阐述了自然灾害应急管理的重要意义。然后,从宏观及微观两个层面对自然灾害应急管理研究成果予以评述,并指出现有研究中存在的不足,进而从社会系统、生态系统和经济系统三个方面展望了自然灾害应急管理未来研究的重点和方向,这对于完善我国自然灾害应急管理研究体系,提升我国自然灾害应急管理水平具有重要的意义。     

我国变电站生活污水处理现状调研

对华北、西北和南方等地的30余所变电站产生的生活污水的处理及排放情况进行了调研,汇总分析了我国目前变电站主要的污水处理方法、排放方式及其存在的主要问题,并针对各地区的特点提出了相应的解决方案。     

Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation method derived from environmental economy

Evaluation system can encourage and guide entrepreneurs, and impel them to perform well in environment management. An evaluation method based on advantage structure is established. It is used to analyze entrepreneur environment management behavior in China. Entrepreneur environment management behavior evaluation index system is constructed based on empirical research. Evaluation method of entrepreneurs is put forward, from the point of objective programming-theory to alert entrepreneurs concerned to think much of it, which means to take minimized objective function as comprehensive evaluation result and identify disadvantage structure pattern. Application research shows that overall behavior of Chinese entrepreneurs environmental management are good, specially, environment strategic behavior are best, environmental management behavior are second, cultural behavior ranks last. Application results show the efficiency and feasibility of this method.     

科尔沁区降水环境质量现状及存在问题的分析

通辽市环境保护监测站从2011年开始降水12项监测。本文根据2011年全年降水监测数据分析通辽市空气环境质量状况及存在的问题,探讨空气环境质量与土壤和水质环境质量的综合效应。     

Identifying watershed-scale spatiotemporal groundwater and surface water mixing function in the Yiluo River,Middle of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Researching the watershed-scale spatiotemporal groundwater and surface water mixing function, groundwater recharge heights and age can provide...