5·12震灾中《人民日报》抗震救灾报道实证分析

2008年5·12汶川地震灾难造成了重大的人员伤亡,本文将以<人民日报>作为研究样本,选取5月12日到6月12日共32天的报道,通过对抗震救灾报道进行归类、分析、思考,笔者认为<人民日报>在抗震救灾报道中呈现出议程设置进程化,议题选择多样化、报道公开透明有力等新的特点,充分体现了媒体的社会责任和社会功能,因此本次报道是中国媒体在突发事件报道中新的里程碑.     

Biogenic silica in intertidal marsh plants and associated sediments of the Yangtze Estuary

Biogenic silica (BSi) contents in the marsh plants (Phragmites australis, Scirpus mariqueter and Spartina alterniflora) and associated sediments in Chongming Island eastern intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary were determined. The BSi contents in P. australis, S. mariqueter and S. alterniflora varied from 25.78-42.74 mg/g, 5.71-19.53 mg/g and 6.71-8.92 mg/g, respectively. Over the entire growth season, P. australis and S. mariqueter were characterized by linear accumulation patterns of BSi. The abovegroun...     

固定化微生物-曝气生物滤池（IBAF）技术用于微污染水处理的实验研究

以温榆河微污染水为研究对象,采用人工草生物载体固定微生物,并在曝气生物滤池反应系统中对其进行处理。河流微污染水中N、P营养缺乏,有机物浓度较低,而且水质变化较大。在水力停留时间为10 h、8h、6.3 h、4.7 h时,此工艺对此河水的处理效果有较大的差异,说明水力停留时间的不同对污染物去除率的影响较大。     

由汶川抗震诗歌大潮看中国古代地震诗歌

2008年"5·12"汶川大地震后,我国出现了前所未有的诗歌大潮,以此为契机,向我国古代诗歌纵深领域延伸,对我国古代地震诗歌进行初步探析。本文通过梳理我国各个文学时期的地震诗歌代表作,归纳出古代地震诗歌在内容上的共同特点:即,宏观描写地震景况和关注个体生命并存;将地震灾害与当朝政治密切联系并以此警示、改良政治;能够意识到人自身抗击灾害的力量并表现出可贵的乐观和自信。     

Photodegradation of new herbicide HW-02 in organic solvents

HW-02 is a new organophosphates herbicide which is discovered and developed in China. The kinetics and mechanism of HW- 02 photodegradation in the organic solvents were studied at 25°C under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The results showed that photochemical reaction of HW-02 in organic solvents such as n-hexane, methanol, dimethyl benzene and acetone under UV light could be well described by the first kinetic equation, and the photodegradation efficiency decreased with a order of n-hexane methanol xylene acetone. The photodegradation efficiency constant of HW-02 in n-hexane, methanol, xylene and acetone were 4.951 × 10 2 , 3.253 × 10 2 , 2.377 × 10 2 and 1.628 × 10 2 min 1 , and the corresponding half-lives were 13.99, 21.20, 29.15 and 42.56 min, respectively. By separation and identification of photoproducts using GC-MS, it could be concluded that HW-02 was photolyzed through ester cleavage, photo-dechlorination and photoisomerization of the molecule itself.     

中国危险废物集中处置设施建设现状、问题和对策

综合性危险废物集中处置设施的建设是实现危险废物安全处置和环境安全目标最根本的保障。本文对《全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划》确定的建设项目目前的建设进展进行了全面分析,指出项目建设和运营中存在着布局、工艺技术、废物收集难、运营企业自身能力有待提高以及研发和产业化支撑能力差等五个方面的问题,反思中国过去五年时间里在危险废物和医疗废物处置和管理上取得的经验和教训,提出进一步推进项目建设和“十二五”期间加强危险废物和医疗废物管理的若干建议。     

Effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the degradation of DEHP in soil

The effect of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi( Acaulospora lavis) on the degradation of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) in soil was studies. Cowpea plants( Pigna sinensis) were used as host plants and grown in a specially designed rhizobox. The experimental results indicated that, both in sterile and non-sterile soil,mycorrhizal colonization rates were much higher in the mycorrhizal plants than in the non-mycorrhizal plants. Addition of 4 mg/kg DEHP slightly affected mycorrhizal colonization, but the addition of 100 mg/kg DEHP significantly decreased mycorrhizal colonization. DEHP degradation in the mycorrhizosphere (Ms) and hyphosphere (Hs),especially in the Hs, increased after inoculation with Acaulospora lavis. It is concluded that mycorrhizal hyphae play an important role in the plant uptake, degradation and translocation of DEHP. The mechanism might be attributed to increased numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes and activity of dehydrogenase, urease and acid phosphatase in the Ms and Hs by mycorrhizal fungi.     

土壤中乐果与微生物的相互作用研究

采用室内模拟实验,研究了土壤中乐果与微生物的相互作用.结果表明:(1)50、500、5 000 mg·kg-1的乐果在灭菌土中的降解速度十分缓慢,加药后15d,50 mg·kg-1的降解率为69.3%,500 mg·kg-1的降解率为26.7%,5 000 mg·kg-1的降解率为19.6%.在施过乐果的土壤中的降解速度非常迅速,加药后15d,50 mg·kg-1的降解率为99.7%,500 mg·kg-1的降解率为78.4%,5 000 mg·kg-1的降解率为54.6%.在未施过乐果的土壤中的降解速度则介于二者之间.说明微生物在乐果的降解中起着非常重要的作用,同时,施药可以诱发乐果降解菌的生成从而加速乐果的降解.(2)在各处理的土壤中,50 mg·k-1的乐果对细菌数星有一定的刺激作用,500、5 000 mg·kg-1的乐果抑制细菌的生长.且随质量浓度的升高,抑制作用增强.但随加药时间的延长,又有所恢复.3种不同质量浓度的乐果对土壤真菌和放线菌种群数量的影响均表现为明显的抑制作用,且随药剂质量浓度的提高和加药时间的延长抑制趋势越明显.因此,可以选择真菌和放线菌作为土壤受乐果污染的敏感指示菌.(3)在同样处理条件下,施过乐果土壤中的微生物种群数量并不比未施过乐果土壤中的占优势,表明乐果在施过药的土壤中降解速度的加快并不是由微生物的数量决定的,而是由它们的降解能力决定的.     

荧光光纤传感器测定废水中邻硝基苯酚

将２－（４－二苯基）－６－苯基苯并恶唑包埋在增塑的ＰＶＣ膜中,基于邻硝基苯酚对ＰＢＢＯ荧光的猝灭,研制了一种邻硝基苯酚荧光光纤传感器。该传感器对邻硝基苯酚的响应具有良好的可逆性和重现性,响应时间小于５０ｓ,在１．２＊１０＾－４－２．０＊１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ邻硝基苯酚浓度范围内具有好的线性关系。环境水中可能存在的常见阳离子、阴离子、酚、硝基化合物对邻硝基苯酚的测定不产生干扰,将传感器用于废水中的邻硝基     

光电催化氧化处理反渗透浓水

采用光电催化氧化技术对天津市某石化企业反渗透单元浓水进行处理。经光催化、电化学及光电催化氧化处理后浓缩液出水的COD、氨氮及色度去除率进行了对比研究。详细探讨了不同电流密度、反应时间及紫外灯功率对COD、氨氮及色度去除效果的影响。结果表明,在电流密度为2.0 mA/cm2,紫外灯光强度为30μW/cm2的条件下,处理150min后,COD的去除率为92.06%,氨氮浓度从44.61 mg/L下降至2.84 mg/L,色度去除率达到100%。对光电催化氧化法处理不同时间的出水进行了三维荧光光谱及凝胶色谱分析。结果表明,光电催化氧化法可将反渗透浓水中大部分大分子有机物结构破坏,使其分解成小分子有机物。