Engineering practice of mechanical soil aeration for the remediation of volatile organic compound-contaminated sites in China: Advantages and challenges

In recent years, many industrial enterprises located in the urban centers of China have been relocated owing to the rapid increase in urban development. At the sites abandoned by these enterprises, volatile organic compounds have frequently been detected, sometimes at high concentrations, particularly at sites abandoned by chemical manufacturing enterprises. With the redevelopment of sites and changes in land-use type associated with these sites, substantial amounts of contaminated soils now require remediation. Since China is a developing country, soil remediation warrants the usage of techniques that are suitable for addressing the unique challenges faced in this country. Land shortage is a common problem in China; the large numbers of contaminated sites, tight development schedules, and limited financial resources necessitate the development of cost-effective methods for land reclamation. Mechanical soil aeration is a simple, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technique that is particularly suitable for the remediation of large volatile organic compound-contaminated sites. Its effectiveness has been confirmed by conducting laboratory studies, pilot tests, and full-scale projects. This study reviews current engineering practice and developmental trends of mechanical soil aeration and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this technology for application in China as an emerging soil remediation market. The findings of this study might aid technology development in China, as well as assist other developing countries in the assessment and implementation of costeffective hazardous waste site soil remediation programs.

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朝阳地区水泥工业项目环评中应特别关注的问题

文中提出水泥工业建设项目环境影响评价不能忽视生态环境影响，并按着《环境影响评价技术导则非污染生态影响》的要求，对水泥工业建设项目生态环境影响评价进行了详细论述，使环境影响评价工作更好地为环境管理服务。     

四川汶川8．0级地震间接经济损失评估方法

国内生产总值(GDP)是衡量该地区经济总量和经济发展水平的重要指标.灾区内各评估子区震害程度、企业服务业恢复生产营业时间以及地震对企业服务业生产营业影响时间与地震间接经济损失有直接的关系.在研究了国内外有关地震间接经济损失评估研究成果的基础上,根据现场灾害调查结果,结合灾区实际,提出利用灾区各市(县)国内生产总值GDP(第二、三产业)数据、各评估子区震害系数、企业服务业生产营业恢复时间以及地震对企业服务业生产营业影响时间,进行地震灾害间接经济损失评估方法.     

Formation and removal of PCDD/Fs in a municipal waste incinerator during different operating periods

The PCDD/F concentrations and removal efficiencies achieved with air pollution control devices (APCDs) during different operating periods (start-up, normal operation, and shut-down) at an existing municipal waste incinerator (MWI) in Taiwan are evaluated via stack sampling and analysis. The MWI investigated is equipped with electrostatic precipitators (EP), wet scrubbers (WS), and selective catalytic reduction system (SCR) as APCDs. The sampling results indicate that the PCDD/F concentrations at the EP inlet during start-up period were 15 times higher than that measured during normal operation period. The PCDD/F concentration observed at shut-down period was close to that measured at normal operation period. The CO concentration was between 400 and 1000 ppm during start-up period, which was about 50 times higher compared with the normal operation. Hence, combustion condition significantly affected the PCDD/F formation concentration during the waste incineration process. In addition, the distributions of the PCDD/F congeners were similar at different operating periods. During the normal operation and shut-down periods, the EP decreases the PCDD/F concentration (based on TEQ) by 18.4-48.6%, while the removal efficiency of PCDD/Fs achieved with SCR system reaches 99.3-99.6%. Nevertheless, the PCDD/F removal efficiency achieved with SCR was only 42% during the 19-h start-up period due to the low SCR operating temperature (195 degrees C).     

地质灾害系统的经济弹性及其结构研究

经济弹性是降低地质灾害系统经济损失的主要方式,如果能够对其进行准确定义和精确测量,其降低灾害损失的有效性将得到进一步增强.为此,在比较区分生态、工程、组织、规划、心理等不同学科领域弹性概念基础上,结合地质灾害系统的基本构成,对其经济弹性进行了操作化定义和数学描述.进而,在描述了地质灾害系统作用过程后,指出地质灾害系统的经济弹性是一个四维结构的概念,这对于准确衡量地质灾害经济弹性,提升其效率与潜力具有重要的作用.     

SEISMIC DISASTERS IN CHINESE MAINLAND IN 2000

ＯｕｔｌｉｎｅｓｏｆｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎ 2 0 0 0　ＴｈｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｅｖｅｌｏｆｓｅｉｓｍｉｃａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎ 2 0 0 0ｗａｓｌｏｗｅｒｔｈａｎｉｎ 1 999,ｗｉｔｈａｔｏ ｔａｌｏｆ 50ｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓ (Ｍｓ≥ 5.0 ) (ｓｅｅＴａｂｌｅ 1 ) ;ｂｕｔｔｈａｔｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｍａｉｎｌａｎｄｗａｓｓｌｉｇｈｔｌｙｈｉｇｈｅｒ ,ｗｉｔｈ 30ｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅｓ(Ｍｓ≥ 5.0 ) ,ｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇ 1 3ｑｕａｋｅｓｏｃｃｕｒｒｉｎｇｉｎＱｉｎｇｈａｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃ…     

空气污染扩散模型与GIS应用结合的探讨

污染物的扩散模拟对环境决策、管理有着重要意义,而扩散过程又是一个包括时间、空间的复杂四维时空过程,其模拟需要GIS的支持。在分析基于GIS的地理开发系统和空气污染扩散模型的基础上,探讨了两者结合的最佳方式,并应用于广州市空气质量分析中,取得了较好的效果。     

Polystyrene microplastics induce blood–testis barrier disruption regulated by the MAPK-Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As a persistent pollutant, microplastics (MPs) have been reported to induce sperm quantity decrease in mice. However, the related mechanism remains...     

新型二氧化铅电极处理有机染料废水的研究

研究了高压塑片法制备新型二氧化铅电极的工艺,通过循环伏安、X衍射和扫描电镜等手段对电极性能的考察表明,该电极不仅具有高电催化活性,还有很好的抗腐蚀性能.通过与普通石墨电极的对比实验,进一步探讨了该电极降解中性枣红染料的机制和工艺条件.结果表明,该电极在脱色和COD降解方面都有明显的优越性.在含磷酸盐和氯离子的体系中,降解效率尤为突出.     

生物化学协同除磷研究

采用聚合硅酸铝和聚合硅酸铁两种混凝剂，比较了将混凝剂直接投加到反应器中和对生物反应器出水再进行混凝沉淀2种工艺的除磷效果，并对2种混凝剂的除磷效果进行了比较。结果表明：对于聚合硅酸铝，没有生物协同作用；对于聚合硅酸铁，投加量在40mg／L以下时具有生物协同作用，30mg／L时协同作用最明显；而且聚合硅酸铁的除磷效果好于聚合硅酸铝。