地质灾害系统的经济弹性及其结构研究

经济弹性是降低地质灾害系统经济损失的主要方式,如果能够对其进行准确定义和精确测量,其降低灾害损失的有效性将得到进一步增强.为此,在比较区分生态、工程、组织、规划、心理等不同学科领域弹性概念基础上,结合地质灾害系统的基本构成,对其经济弹性进行了操作化定义和数学描述.进而,在描述了地质灾害系统作用过程后,指出地质灾害系统的经济弹性是一个四维结构的概念,这对于准确衡量地质灾害经济弹性,提升其效率与潜力具有重要的作用.     

内蒙古自治区地质灾害与地质环境的关系分析

地质灾害的形成受地质环境条件中多种要素的综合控制,二者之间密切相关.这些要素包括地形地貌、气象特征、植被生态、地层岩性、地质构造、岩土体类型、人类工程活动.根据内蒙古自治区内地质灾害调查工作的研究程度及区内地质灾害的自身特点,以区内已发生灾害的大量统计数据为基础,定性分析了在何种地质环境条件下,才可能发育崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷灾害;定量分析了地形坡度、地形高差、沟谷流域特征、降雨量在某一具体分布范围内,才容易发育某种地质灾害;同时论述了人类工程活动对地质灾害的诱发作用.     

石化污水反渗透浓水“零排放”技术

采用微滤—反渗透(RO)—蒸发—结晶工艺处理某石化企业的RO浓水,实现了RO浓水的“零排放”.试验结果表明:经加碱、微滤后,污水硬度平均减小率为98.8％,排出的滤渣平均质量分数为9.4％,减少了污水中有机物和微生物对后续RO膜的污染;微滤产水无需降低pH,可直接进入RO系统,电导率减小率可达98.0％;蒸发可将总固体质量浓度由13 290 mg/L增至172 155 mg/L,产水电导率为66 μS/cm.     

Effects of wattle extract on Microcystic aeruginosa growth and the simulated mini fresh water ecosystem

In recent years, there has been an apparent increase in the occurrence of harmful algalblooms in fresh waters. The value of applying the novel wattle extract (Acacia mimosa) to inhibitalgal growth was assessed. Our results showed that the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa was successfully repressed by the plant extract and resulted in decreased extracellular microcystin-LR production. In the experiments, it showed a very effective inhibition in the stage of exponential growth (the largest decrease in level is 47.3% of the control) especially in nonsterile conditions, and the extract can reduce 14.5-24.7% cell density of the control in the stationary stage. In outdoor experiments, the extract reduced dissolved oxygen and pH, and selectively cut down cyanobacterial cell density to one-third of the control after 36 d of treatment. Accordingly due to competitive inhibition in interspecies, other nanoalgae and small-sized aquatic animals declined, while macrozooplankton increased. Finally more large algae were eliminated and thereby the water treated was clarified and the recovery of the freshwater ecosystem was promoted. Hence, the present study suggested a new and more effective and very low ecological risk approach to reduce nuisance blooms cyanobacteria in eutrophic water     

Establishment of Markov successional model and its application for forest restoration reference in Southern China

Forest succession is the base of establishing restoration reference which plays an important role in forest restoration and restoration estimation. The study presented the establishment of a Markov successional model (MSM) and its application to restoration reference in lower subtropical forest in China. The compositions of successional system in MSM were divided into three species types: pioneering pine trees, heliophytic trees and mesophytic trees. The successional system was divided into three subsystems: early successional stage, mid-successional stage and late-successional stage. Based on the site survey on the changes in the species and their individuals in 25 years, the transition matrices in various subsystems were determined. The predicted results were used to establish the restoration reference of the vegetation restoration in lower subtropical China. According to the ecological restoration reference established in this study, it would take 150 years for the forest to change from pioneer to mature communities in the region. Successional change of tree composition was forecast by the model, and the scenario forecast by the model reflects the actual conditions observed through 52 years of long-term permanent site research. The restoration experience in the region matches the forecast results. The application of a restoration reference model indicates that forest restoration can be accelerated by taking measures which change forest structure. The above results imply that a restoration reference established on the rule of regional forest succession could be very useful not only in directing, but also in assessing and managing regional forest restoration. Previously, one “ideal reference ecosystem” was used as a restoration reference in all correlative studies. In this study, the restoration “process” was used as the restoration reference.     

环境投资理论研究与发展

本文以现代投资理论和环境经济学的发展需要为线索,认为环境投资理论是两者相结合的产物,并对环境投资理论产生和发展过程进行了分析和评价,从而指出了其今后的研究方向。     

湿式氧化法处理乐果废水

采用湿式氧化法对乐果生产废水进行预处理,氧化温度２３０－２４０℃,压力６．０－７．０ＭＰａ,废水停留时间１ｈ在此条件下,有机磷的去除率可达９５％以上,有机硫的去经可达８２％,废水经湿式氧化,回收磷酸盐后再经生化处理,保持ＣＯＤ与有机硫的比值大于２５：１,ＣＯＤ去除率可达９０％。     

Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B bymicrowave-assisted hydrothermal synthesized N-doped titanate nanotubes

Microwave-induced nitrogen-doped titanate nanotubes（NTNTs） were characterized by transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）, Zeta potential analysis,specific surface area（SBET）, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. TEM results indicate that NTNTs retain a tubular structure with a crystalline multiwall and have a length of several hundred nanometers after nitrogen doping. XRD findings demonstrate that the crystalline structure of NTNTs was dominated by anatase, which is favored for photocatalytic application. The Ti-O-N linkage observed in the XPS N 1s spectrum is mainly responsible for narrowing the band gap and eventually enhancing the visible light photoactivity. FT-IR results demonstrated the existence of H3O＋, which could be excited by photo-generated holes to form hydroxyl radicals and degrade environmental pollutants. After sintering at 350°C, the UV-Vis absorbance edges of NTNTs significantly shift to the visible-light region, which indicates N atom doping into the nanotubes. Photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B（RhB） via NTNTs show good efficiency, with pseudo first-order kinetic model rate constants of 3.7 × 10-3, 2.4 × 10-3and 8.0 × 10-4sec-1at pH 3, 7, and 11, respectively.     

硫化砷渣全湿法制备单质砷的研究

以硫化砷渣为原料,用氯化铜酸性溶液浸出砷渣的全湿法进行实验,着重研究氯化铜浸出砷的过程中氯化铜用量、溶液p H和浸出时间对砷浸出率的影响,探讨用氯化亚锡还原砷盐酸溶液从硫化砷渣得到单质砷的方法。     

室内空气污染对人类健康的影响及防治措施

本文通过论述第三污染源室内空气污染对人类健康的危害,并提出了主要防治措施。